Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-vpsfw Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-19T21:11:30.934Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Effect of titan yellow dye on morphological, structural, optical, and dielectric properties of zinc(tris) thiourea sulphate single crystals

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 April 2016

Mohd. Shkir*
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: shkirphysics@gmail.com; shkirphysics@kku.edu.sa
Get access

Abstract

Zinc(tris) thiourea sulphate (ZTS) is as one of the potential candidates for nonlinear optical applications due to its high nonlinearity and excellent optical properties. The synthesis of pure and titan yellow dye doped ZTS has been done and good quality rod-like single crystals of size ∼60 mm long and 2 mm diameter were grown through simplest and low cost route. The structural and vibrational analysis rules out any extra phase or change in structure of ZTS due to dye doping. Scanning electron microscope study reveals that the grown crystals are of good quality with rod-like morphology. Diffuse reflectance spectrum show a new absorption band at ∼460 nm, which may be predicted as a signature of dye. The optical band gap was calculated to be 4.6 eV for pure and 4.5 eV for doped ZTS crystals. The violet-blue emission centered at 412 nm in pure and at 414 nm in doped crystals with an additional green emission bands at 528 nm with high intensity in the photoluminescence spectra were observed. The value of ε1 is found to be enhanced from 10 (in pure) to 14 (in doped) crystals. The properties are enhanced due to dye doping and may be more useful than pure crystals in optoelectronic devices.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Saleh, B.: MC Teich Fundamentals of Photonics (John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Penn, B.G., Cardelino, B.H., Moore, C.E., Shields, A.W., and Frazier, D.: Growth of bulk single crystals of organic materials for nonlinear optical devices: An overview. Prog. Cryst. Growth Charact. Mater. 22(1), 19 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shakir, M., Singh, B., Kumar, B., and Bhagavannarayana, G.: Ferroelectricity in glycine picrate: An astonishing observation in a centrosymmetric crystal. Appl. Phys. Lett. 95(25), 252902 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shakir, M., Kushwaha, S., Maurya, K., and Bhatt, R.: Unidirectional growth of l-proline cadmium chloride monohydrate single crystal and its characterization for structural, vibrational, LDT, optical and dielectric properties. Mater. Chem. Phys. 120, 566 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shkir, M., Abbas, H., Kumar, S., Bhagavannarayana, G., and AlFaify, S.: Experimental and theoretical studies on bis (glycine) lithium nitrate (BGLiN): A physico-chemical approach. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 75(8), 959 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shkir, M., AlFaify, S., Abbas, H., and Bhagavannarayana, G.: A physico-chemical approach to study the experimental and theoretical properties of l-ornithine monohydrochloride: An organic nonlinear optical material. Mater. Chem. Phys. 155, 3646 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Badan, J., Hierle, R., Perigaud, A., Zyss, J., and Williams, D.: NLO properties of organic molecules and polymeric materials, in American Chemical Society Symposium Series, Vol. 233 (American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1993).Google Scholar
Zaitseva, N. and Carman, L.: Rapid growth of KDP-type crystals. Prog. Cryst. Growth Charact. Mater. 43(1), 1 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shkir, M., Muhammad, S., AlFaify, S., Irfan, A., and Yahia, I.: A dual approach to study the electro-optical properties of a noncentrosymmetric l-asparagine monohydrate. Spectrochim. Acta, Part A 137, 432 (2015).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shkir, M., Muhammad, S., and AlFaify, S.: Experimental and density functional theory (DFT): A dual approach to study the various important properties of monohydrated L-proline cadmium chloride for nonlinear optical applications. Spectrochim. Acta, Part A 143, 128135 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newman, P., Warren, L., Cunningham, P., Chang, T., Cooper, D., Burdge, G., Polak-Dingels, P., and Lowe-Ma, C.: Semiorganics: A new class of NLO materials. In MRS Proceedings, Vol. 173 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989); p. 557.Google Scholar
Cunningham, P.H., Warren, L.F. Jr., Marcy, O., and Rosker, M.J.: Semi-organic crystals for nonlinear optical devices. Google Patents, 1996.
Dhumane, N.R., Hussaini, S.S., Dongre, V.G., and Shirsat, M.D.: Influence of glycine on the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of zinc(tris) thiourea sulfate (ZTS) single crystal. Opt. Mater. 31(2), 328 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, D.J.: Organic polymeric and non-polymeric materials with large optical nonlinearities. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 23(9), 690 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shkir, M., Riscob, B., Ajmal Khan, M., AlFaify, S., Dieguez, E., and Bhagavannarayana, G.: Effect of organic ligands (l-proline and l-methionine) on growth, structural, vibrational, crystalline perfection, SHG efficiency, microscopic and optical properties of KDP single crystals. Spectrochim. Acta, Part A 124, 571 (2014).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shkir, M., Ganesh, V., Vijayan, N., Riscob, B., Kumar, A., Rana, D.K., Shoeb Khan, M., Hasmuddin, M., Wahab, M., and Ramesh Babu, R.: Analysis on structural, SHG efficiency, optical and mechanical properties of KDP single crystals influenced by glycine doping. Spectrochim. Acta, Part A 103, 199 (2013).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bhagavannarayana, G., Parthiban, S., and Meenakshisundaram, S.: An interesting correlation between crystalline perfection and second harmonic generation efficiency on KCl-and oxalic acid-doped ADP crystals. Cryst. Growth Des. 8(2), 446 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meenakshisundaram, S., Parthiban, S., Sarathi, N., Kalavathy, R., and Bhagavannarayana, G.: Effect of organic dopants on ZTS single crystals. J. Cryst. Growth 293(2), 376 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhandari, S., Sinha, N., Ray, G., and Kumar, B.: Enhanced optical, dielectric and piezoelectric behavior in dye doped zinc tris-thiourea sulphate (ZTS) single crystals. Chem. Phys. Lett. 591, 10 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sinha, N., Goel, N., Singh, B.K., Gupta, M.K., and Kumar, B.: Enhancement in ferroelectric, pyroelectric and photoluminescence properties in dye doped TGS crystals. J. Solid State Chem. 190, 180 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Y., Johnson, E.G., Nie, C.D., Harrington, J.A., and Shori, R.: Ho:YAG single crystal fiber: Fabrication and optical characterization. Opt. Express 22(12), 14896 (2014).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Didierjean, J., Castaing, M., Balembois, F., Georges, P., Perrodin, D., Fourmigué, J.M., Lebbou, K., Brenier, A., and Tillement, O.: High-power laser with Nd:YAG single-crystal fiber grown by the micro-pulling-down technique. Opt. Lett. 31(23), 3468 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enculescu, M.: Morphological and optical properties of doped potassium hydrogen phthalate crystals. Phys. B 405(17), 3722 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raju, B., Saritha, A., Bhagavannarayana, G., and Hussain, K.A.: A comparative study on growth, structural, optical, thermal and mechanical properties of undoped and dye doped bis glycine cadmium chloride single crystals. J. Cryst. Growth 324(1), 184 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chandran, S., Paulraj, R., and Ramasamy, P.: Influence of amaranth dye on the growth and properties of KDP single crystal. Mater. Res. Bull. 68, 210 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zaitseva, N., Carman, L., Smolsky, I., Torres, R., and Yan, M.: The effect of impurities and supersaturation on the rapid growth of KDP crystals. J. Cryst. Growth 204(4), 512 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirota, S., Miki, H., Fukui, K., and Maeda, K.: Coloring and habit modification of dyed KDP crystals as functions of supersaturation and dye concentration. J. Cryst. Growth 235(1–4), 541 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barbon, A., Bellinazzi, M., Benedict, J.B., Brustolon, M., Fleming, S.D., Jang, S-H., Kahr, B., and Rohl, A.L.: Luminescent probes of crystal growth: Surface charge and polar axis sense in dye-doped potassium hydrogen phthalate. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 43(40), 5328 (2004).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wustholz, K.L., Kahr, B., and Reid, P.J.: Single-molecule orientations in dyed salt crystals. J. Phys. Chem. B 109(34), 16357 (2005).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benedict, J.B., Wallace, P.M., Reid, P.J., Jang, S.H., and Kahr, B.: Up-conversion luminescence in dye-doped crystals of potassium hydrogen phthalate. Adv. Mater. 15(13), 1068 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poborchii, V.V., Tada, T., and Kanayama, T.: A visible-near infrared range photonic crystal made up of Si nanopillars. Appl. Phys. Lett. 75(21), 3276 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, S.M. and Ozin, G.A.: Opal chips: Vectorial growth of colloidal crystal patterns inside silicon wafers. Chem. Commun. 24, 25072508, 2507 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wanke, M.C., Lehmann, O., Müller, K., Wen, Q., and Stuke, M.: Laser rapid prototyping of photonic band-gap microstructures. Science 275(5304), 1284 (1997).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ushasree, P.M., Jayavel, R., Subramanian, C., and Ramasamy, P.: Growth of zinc thiourea sulfate (ZTS) single crystals: A potential semiorganic NLO material. J. Cryst. Growth 197(1–2), 216 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andreetti, G.D., Cavalca, L., and Musatti, A.: The crystal and molecular structure of tris (thiourea) zinc (II) sulphate. Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B: Struct. Crystallogr. Cryst. Chem. 24(5), 683 (1968).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Venkataramanan, V., Srinivasan, M., and Bhat, H.: Vibrational spectroscopic study of zinc tris (thiourea) sulphate, a new organometallic non-linear optical crystal. J. Raman Spectrosc. 25(10), 805 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oussaid, M., Becker, P., Kemiche, M., and Carabatos-Nédelec, C.: Low temperature phase transitions in zinc tris (thiourea) sulfate (ZTS) determined by Raman scattering. Phys. Status Solidi B 207(1), 103 (1998).3.0.CO;2-L>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samuel, B.S., Krishnamurthy, R., and Rajasekaran, R.: Effect of l-aspartic acid on the growth, structure and spectral studies of zinc (tris) thiourea sulphate (ZTS) single crystals. Spectrochim. Acta, Part A 132(0), 526 (2014).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morales, A.E., Mora, E.S., and Pal, U.: Use of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for optical characterization of un-supported nanostructures. Rev. Mex. Fis. S 53(5), 18 (2007).Google Scholar
Barton, D.G., Shtein, M., Wilson, R.D., Soled, S.L., and Iglesia, E.: Structure and electronic properties of solid acids based on tungsten oxide nanostructures. J. Phys. Chem. B 103(4), 630 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kubelka, P. and Munk, F.: A contribution to the optics of pigments. Z. Tech. Phys. 12, 593 (1931).Google Scholar
Weckhuysen, B.M. and Schoonheydt, R.A.: Recent progress in diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of supported metal oxide catalysts. Catal. Today 49(4), 441 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Urbach, F.: The long-wavelength edge of photographic sensitivity and of the electronic absorption of solids. Phys. Rev. 92(5), 1324 (1953).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shkir, M., Riscob, B., Ganesh, V., Vijayan, N., Gupta, R., Plaza, J., Dieguez, E., and Bhagavannarayana, G.: Crystal growth, structural, crystalline perfection, optical and mechanical properties of Nd3+ doped sulfamic acid (SA) single crystals. J. Cryst. Growth 380, 228 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shakir, M., Kushwaha, S., Maurya, K., Bhagavannarayana, G., and Wahab, M.: Characterization of ZnSe nanoparticles synthesized by microwave heating process. Solid State Commun. 149(45), 2047 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shkir, M., Abbas, H., and Khan, Z.R.: Effect of thickness on the structural, optical and electrical properties of thermally evaporated PbI2 thin films. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 73(11), 1309 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shkir, M., Alfaify, S., Ajmal Khan, M., Dieguez, E., and Perles, J.: Synthesis, growth, crystal structure, EDX, UV-vis-NIR and DSC studies of l-proline lithium bromide monohydrate—A new semiorganic compound. J. Cryst. Growth 391, 104 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shkir, M., Riscob, B., Hasmuddin, M., Singh, P., Ganesh, V., Wahab, M., Dieguez, E., and Bhagavannarayana, G.: Optical spectroscopy, crystalline perfection, etching and mechanical studies on P-nitroaniline (PNA) single crystals. Opt. Mater. 36(3), 675 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, S., Li, G., Chua, S., Wang, X., and Wang, W.: Observation of optically-active metastable defects in undoped GaN epilayers. Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(19), 2451 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kushwaha, S., Maurya, K., Vijayan, N., Gupta, A., Haranath, D., Kumar, B., Kanjilal, D., and Bhagavannarayana, G.: Au9+ swift heavy ion irradiation of Zn [CS(NH2)2]3·SO4 crystal: Crystalline perfection and optical properties. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 338, 1 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bol, A.A., Ferwerda, J., Bergwerff, J.A., and Meijerink, A.: Luminescence of nanocrystalline ZnS:Cu2+ . J. Lumin. 99(4), 325 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pal, M., Bera, S., Sarkar, S., and Jana, S.: Influence of Al doping on microstructural, optical and photocatalytic properties of sol–gel based nanostructured zinc oxide films on glass. RSC Adv. 4(23), 11552 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kushwaha, S., Maurya, K., Haranath, D., and Bhagavannarayana, G.: The effect of Cr3+ doping on the crystalline perfection and optical properties of zinc tris (thiourea) sulfate, a nonlinear optical material. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 44(5), 1054 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xue, D. and Kitamura, K.: Dielectric characterization of the defect concentration in lithium niobate single crystals. Solid State Commun. 122(10), 537 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, N.E.: Dielectric properties and molecular behaviour (Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1969).Google Scholar
Przeslawski, J., Iglesias, T., and Gonzalo, J.: Dielectric losses behaviour under frequency and ac field amplitude variation in TGSe crystals. Solid State Commun. 96(4), 195 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shakir, M., Kushawaha, S., Maurya, K., Kumar, S., Wahab, M., and Bhagavannarayana, G.: Enhancement of second harmonic generation, optical and dielectric properties in L-asparagine monohydrate single crystals due to an improvement in crystalline perfection by annealing. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 43(3), 491 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar