Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-sv6ng Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-08-21T00:59:03.600Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Measurements of mechanical properties of α-phase in Cu–Sn alloys by using instrumented nanoindentation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 September 2011

Yang Li ,
Kang He ,
Chengwei Liao  and
Chunxu Pan
Yang Li
Affiliation:
School of Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
Kang He
Affiliation:
School of Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
Chengwei Liao
Affiliation:
School of Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
Chunxu Pan*
Affiliation:
School of Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; and Center for Archaeometry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: cxpan@whu.edu.cn
Get access

Abstract

Instrumented nanoindentation technique is a powerful approach for accurately measuring mechanical properties of materials in micron or even nanoscale. In this article, the effect of tin (Sn) content upon mechanical properties of the α-phase in Cu–Sn alloys was studied by using an instrumented nanoindentation. The experimental results revealed that: (i) the hardness of the α-phase exhibited a linear relationship with Sn content (C) increasing, i.e., H = 0.0757C + 0.8916, when it was less than the maximum solid solubility (15.8 wt.%), which is in good agreement with the Friedel–Mott–Suzuki theory; (ii) the variation of Young’s modulus in a narrow range of 120–130 GPa is attributed to orientation variation of the α-phase in casting Cu–Sn dendrites.

Keywords

NanoindentationAlloyHardness
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 27 , Issue 1: Focus Issue: Instrumented Indentation , 14 January 2012 , pp. 192 - 196
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Gordon, R. and Knopf, R.: Metallurgy of bronze used in tools from Machu Picchu, Peru. Archaeometry 48, 57 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Park, J.S., Park, C.W., and Lee, K.J.: Implication of peritectic composition in historical high-tin bronze metallurgy. Mater. Charact. 60, 1268 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Joseph, R.D.: Copper and Copper Alloys. (ASM International. Handbook Committee, 2001), pp. 44–46.Google Scholar
4.Selver, R. and Varol, R.: Some thermal and physical characteristics of sintered tin bronze bearings. Metall. 57, 28 (2002).Google Scholar
5.Ünlüa, B.S. and Atik, E.: Evaluation of effect of alloy elements in copper based CuSn10 and CuZn30 bearings on tribological and mechanical properties. J. Alloy. Comp. 489, 262 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.He, T.K.: Synthetic study on the alloying technique for bronze in the pre-QIN period. Studies in the History of Natural Sciences 16, 273 (1997) (Article in Chinese, Abstract in English).Google Scholar
7.Scott, D.A.: Metallography and Microstructure of Ancient and Historic Metals. (The Getty Conservation Institute J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu CA, 1991), p. 121.Google Scholar
8.Audy, J. and Audy, K.: Analysis of bell materials: Tin bronzes. China Foundry 5, 199 (2008).Google Scholar
9.Pethicai, J.B., Hutchings, R., and Oliver, W.C.: Hardness measurement at penetration depths as small as 20 nm. Philos. Mag. A 48, 593 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Oliver, W.C. and Pharr, G.M.: An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments. J. Mater. Res. 7, 1564 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Li, X.D. and Bhushan, B.: A review of nanoindentation continuous stiffness measurement technique and its applications. Mater. Charact. 48, 11 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Oliver, W.C. and Pharr, G.M.: Measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by instrumented indentation: Advances in understanding and refinements to methodology. J. Mater. Res. 19, 3 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Riede, F. and Wheeler, J.M.: Testing the “Laacher See hypothesis”: Tephra as dental abrasive. J. Archaeol. Sci. 36, 2384 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Darnell, L.A., Teaford, M.F., Livi, K.J.T., and Weihs, T.P.: Variations in the mechanical properties of Alouatta palliata molar enamel. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 141, 7 (2010).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Sanson, G.D., Kerr, S.A., and Gross, K.A.: Do silica phytoliths really wear mammalian teeth? J. Archaeol. Sci. 34, 526 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Lerner, H., Du, X.D., Costopoulos, A., and Ostoja-Starzewski, M.: Lithic raw material physical properties and use-wear accrual. J. Archaeol. Sci. 34, 711 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Fleischer, R. and Hibbard, W.: The Relation Between Structure and Mechanical Properties of Metals, Vol. 1. (H.M.S.O., London, 1963), p. 262.Google Scholar
18.Mott, N. and Nabarro, F.: Report on the Strength of Solids. (Physical Society, London, 1948), pp. 1–19.Google Scholar
19.Mott, N.: Imperfections in Nearly Perfect Crystals. (John Wiley, New York, 1952), p. 173.Google Scholar
20.Nabarro, F.: Dislocations and Properties of Real Materials. (The Institute of Metals, London, 1985), p. 152.Google Scholar
21.Friedel, J.: Dislocations. (Addison-Wesley, New York, 1964), p. 224.Google Scholar
22.Suzuki, T., Takeuchi, S., and Yoshinaga, H.: Dislocation Dynamics and Plasticity. (Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 1991), p. 32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Schmidt, E. and Boas, W.: Plasticity of Crystals, English Translation. (Hughes and Co., London, 1950), p.191.Google Scholar
24.Dub, S.N., Lim, Y.Y., and Chaudhri, M.M.: Nanohardness of high purity Cu (111) single crystals: The effect of indenter load and prior plastic sample strain. J. Appl. Phys. 107, 043510 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.ISO 1577-1: “Metallic materials-Instrumented indentation test for hardness and materials parameter-Test method.” (ISO Central Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland, 2002).Google Scholar
26.Chen, J. and Lai, Y.S.: Towards elastic anisotropy and strain-induced void formation in Cu-Sn crystalline phases. Microelectron. Reliab. 49, 264 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.An, R., Wang, C.Q., Tian, Y.H., and Wu, H.: Determination of the elastic properties of Cu3Sn through first-principles calculations. J. Electron. Mater. 37(4), 477 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Guo, Z.D., Wang, X.F., Yang, X.P., Jiang, D.M., Ma, X.M., and Song, H.W.: Relationships between young’s modulus, hardness and orientation of grain in polycrystalline copper. Acta Metall. Sin. 44, 901 (2008).Google Scholar