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Ultrastructural analyses of nanoscale apatite biomimetically grown on organic template

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

S.I. Hong ,
K.H. Lee ,
M.E. Outslay  and
D.H. Kohn
S.I. Hong*
Affiliation:
Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078; and Department of Nano-materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Taejon, 305-764, Korea
K.H. Lee
Affiliation:
Department of Nano-materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Taejon, 305-764, Korea
M.E. Outslay
Affiliation:
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2099
D.H. Kohn
Affiliation:
Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2099
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: sihong@cnu.ac.kr, sihong@umich.edu
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Abstract

The ultrastructure of nanoscale apatite biomimetically formed on an organic template from a supersaturated mineralizing solution was studied to examine the morphological and crystalline arrangement of mineral apatites. Needle-shaped apatite crystal plates with a size distribution of ∼100 to ∼1000 nm and the long axis parallel to the c axis ([002]) were randomly distributed in the mineral films. Between these randomly distributed needle-shaped apatite crystals, amorphous phases and apatite crystals (∼20–40 nm) with the normal of the grains quasi-perpendicular to the c axis were observed. These observations suggest that the apatite film is an interwoven structure of amorphous phases and apatite crystals with various orientations. The mechanisms underlying the shape of the crystalline apatite plate and aggregated apatite nodules are discussed from an energy-barrier point of view. The plate or needle-shaped apatite is favored in single-crystalline form, whereas the granular nodules are favored in the polycrystalline apatite aggregate. The similarity in shape in both single-crystalline needle-shaped apatite and polycrystalline granular apatite over a wide range of sizes is explained by the principle of similitude, in which the growth and shape are determined by the forces acting upon the surface area and the volume.

Keywords

Biomimetic (chemical reaction)BoneTransmission electron microscopy (TEM)
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 23 , Issue 2 , February 2008 , pp. 478 - 485
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2007

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