^{Page 337 note 1} Sen, Amartya K., ‘Food Battles: conflicts in the access to food’, the Coromandel Lecture delivered in New Delhi, 13 December 1982.Google Scholar

^{Page 337 note 2} Ram, N., ‘An Independent Press and Anti-Hunger Stategies’, Conference on Food Strategies,World Institute for Development Economics and Research,Helsinki,21–25 July 1986.Google Scholar

^{Page 337 note 3} Ugboajah, Frank Okwu, Communication Policies in Nigeria (Paris, 1980), p. 18.Google Scholar

^{Page 337 note 4} Grant, Marcia A., ‘Nigerian Newspaper Types’, in Journal of Commonwealth Political Studies (London), 11, 07 1972, pp. 95–113.Google Scholar

^{Page 337 note 5} Annamaleze, John Jr, The Nigerian Press: the people's conscience? (New York, 1979), p. 31.Google Scholar

^{Page 337 note 6} Daily Times (Lagos), 6 and 7 September 1973.

^{Page 338 note 1} Daily Times, 24 October 1974, p. 7.

^{Page 338 note 2} Cf. Campbell, Ian, ‘The Nigerian Census: an essay in civil-military relations’ in Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics (London), 14, 3, 11 1976, pp. 242–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

^{Page 338 note 3} Ram, op. cit.

^{Page 338 note 4} Derrick, Jonathan, ‘The Great West African Drought, 1972–1974, in African Affairs (London), 76, 305, 10 1977, pp. 537–82. It should be noted that Nigeria is seldom included in studies of this drought because it is not a member of the Comité permanent interétats de lutte contre la sécheresse dans le Sahel, and the F.M.G. neither solicited overseas aid nor encouraged external recognition of its problem. However, the affected areas of northern Nigeria contain as large a population as do the members of the C.I.L.S.S., and are hence surely deserving of attention.Google Scholar

^{Page 338 note 5} van Apeldoorn, G. J., Perspectives on Drought and Famine in Nigeria (London, 1981), pp. 42 and 46.Google Scholar

^{Page 339 note 1} James, A. R., ‘Drought Conditions in the Pressure Water Zone of North-Eastern Nigeria: some provisional observations’, in Savanna (Zaria), 2, 2, 1973, pp. 108–14.Google Scholar

^{Page 339 note 2} van Apeldoorn, op. cit. p. 46.

^{Page 339 note 3} Ibid. p. 44.

^{Page 339 note 4} West Africa (London), 6 08 1973.Google Scholar

^{Page 339 note 5} See Derrick, loc. cit. and van Apeldoorn, op. cit. p. 45.

^{Page 339 note 6} In August and September 1973 before the Daily Times had realised the seriousness of the situation, the New Nigerian (Kaduna) was already pushing the Federal Military Government to release more funds to deal with the drought – see Derrick, loc. cit. and van Apeldoorn, op. cit. p. 53. In fact, throughout the crisis, the New Nigerian appears to have been far more liberal (at times vitriolic) in its criticism of the authorities than the Daily Times, albeit eclipsed nationally when the Lagos newspaper began its own campaign on the issue.

^{Page 339 note 7} Grant, loc. cit.

^{Page 340 note 1} Such a feature of the drought coverage was apparent throughout. The controversy over the 1973 census as detailed by Campbell, loc. cit. may be regarded as a further example of the power struggle between the Nigerian states and the centre.

^{Page 340 note 2} Daily Times, 6, 22, and 29 September 1973.

^{Page 340 note 3} Ibid. 1 October 1973.

^{Page 340 note 4} New Nigerian, 25 October 1973.

^{Page 340 note 5} Daily Times, 29 October 1973.

^{Page 340 note 6} van Apeldoorn, op. cit. p. 53.

^{Page 340 note 7} Ram, op. cit.

^{Page 341 note 1} Daily Times, 1, 5, 6, 9, and to November 1973.

^{Page 341 note 2} Derrick, loc. cit. and van Apeldoorn, op. cit. p. 54.

^{Page 341 note 3} Daily Times, 17, 19, 21, 24, 26, 28, and 29 November 1973.

^{Page 342 note 1} Ibid. 10 December 1973.

^{Page 342 note 2} Ibid. 24 and 28 November 1973.

^{Page 342 note 3} Ibid. 17 November 1973.

^{Page 342 note 4} Ibid. 3 December 1973.

^{Page 342 note 5} Ibid.

^{Page 342 note 6} Ibid. 6 November, 7 and 11 December 1973.

^{Page 342 note 7} Ibid. 7 December 1973.

^{Page 342 note 8} Ibid. 10 December 1973.

^{Page 342 note 9} Ibid. 25 December 1973.

^{Page 342 note 10} Ram, op. cit. p. 52.

^{Page 343 note 1} Daily Times, 1, 8, 10, and 14 December 1973.

^{Page 343 note 2} Ibid. 17 December 1973.

^{Page 343 note 3} Ibid. 25 December 1973 and January 1974.

^{Page 343 note 4} van Apeldoorn, op. cit. p. 65.

^{Page 343 note 5} Cf. the call by Ram, op. cit. pp. 65 and 70, for the anti-hunger rôle of the Indian press to be enhanced by ‘an active consciousness, a coherent theory of its own role in relation to society’, and ‘public advocacy of its role as a vital part of the striving for a democratic, just society’.

^{Page 343 note 6} Daily Times, December 1973.

^{Page 343 note 7} Ibid. 6 December 1973.

^{Page 343 note 8} Ibid. 23 November, 5 and 10 December 1973, and 16 January 1974.

^{Page 344 note 1} Ibid. 16 January 1974.

^{Page 344 note 2} Ibid. 19 November 1973.

^{Page 344 note 3} Ibid. 5 and 24 December 1973.

^{Page 344 note 4} Ibid. 19 January 1974.

^{Page 344 note 5} van Apeldoorn, op. cit. p. 65.

^{Page 344 note 6} Ibid. and Derrick, op. cit. The way our journalists are maltreated nowadays makes me to doubt the claim that our press is free. Freedom of the Press should be respected in the interest of all. The Press, among other things, informs the governed of the activities of the Government. It exposes corruption in our society and thus helps to curb it. Through the help of the press, the drought affected areas of the Northern states of the country have received help from many Nigerians. The freedom of the press should, therefore, not be interfered with by those in power.

^{Page 345 note 1} Daily Times, 20 December 1973.