¹ See U.N.E.C.A., African Alternative Framework to Structural Adjustment Programmes for Socio Economic Recovery and Transformation (Addis Ababa, 1991).Google Scholar Also, Seidman, Ann and Anang, Frederick (eds.), Twenty-First-Century Africa: towards a new vision of self-sustainanble development (Trenton, NJ, 1992).Google Scholar

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⁴ Africa Research Bulletin: economic series (London), 28 02 1990, p. 9855.Google Scholar

⁵ Nord Sud Export (Paris), 27 11 1992.Google Scholar

⁶ Wright, Stephen and Poirier, Robert A., ‘Tourism and Economic Development in Africa’, TransAfrica Forum (New Brunswick), 8, 1, Spring 1991, pp. 13–27.Google Scholar

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⁸ Halliday, Fred, ‘Tunisia's Uncertain Future’, in Middle East Report (Washington, DC), 03—04 1990, pp. 25–7.Google Scholar

⁹ Middle East International (London), 28 06 1991, p. 13.Google Scholar

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¹¹ Moore, Clement Henry, ‘Tunisian Banking: politics of adjustment and the adjustment of politics’, in Zartman (ed.), op. cit. pp. 67–97.Google Scholar

¹² Abdelsatar Grissa, ‘The Tunisian State Enterprises and Privatization Policy’, in ibid. p. 120.

¹³ Vandewalle, loc. cit. p. 616.

¹⁴ Grissa, loc. cit. pp. 124–5.

¹⁵ Potter, Christopher S. and Showler, Allan T., ‘The Desert Locust: agricultural and environmental impacts’, in Zartman (ed.), op. cit. pp. 153–66.Google Scholar

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¹⁷ Grissa, loc. cit. p. 121.

¹⁸ See, for example, Kadt, Emanuel de (ed.), Tourism: passport to development? (New York and Oxford, 1979);Google ScholarMathieson, Alister and Wall, Geoffrey, Tourism: economic, physical and social impacts (Harlow, 1982);Google Scholar and Lea, John, Tourism and Development in the Third World (London, 1988).Google Scholar

¹⁹ The traditional view that the industry has proved to be more of a burden than a blessing to infrastructural development is strongly challenged by the World Tourism Organisation, Economic Review of World Tourism: tourism in the context of economic crisis and the dominance of the service economy (Madrid, 1988).Google Scholar

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²³ Williams, Allan M. and Shaw, Gareth (eds.), Tourism and Economic Development: West European experiences (London, 1991 edn).Google Scholar

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²⁶ Ibid.

²⁷ Ryan, Chris, Recreational Tourism: a social science perspective (London, 1991), ch. 5.Google Scholar

²⁸ Tourism is normally classified as an ‘export’ in Tunisia's trade statistics.

²⁹ Grissa, loc. cit. p. 120.

³⁰ Institut national de lastatistique, Tunis, 1987.Google Scholar

³¹ O.N.T.T., 1988.

³² Economist Intelligence Unit, op. cit. p. 22.

³³ O.N.T.T., 1991.

³⁴ See Green, Reginald Herbold, ‘Towards Planning Tourism in Developing Countries’, in de Kadt (ed.), op. cit. pp. 79–100.Google Scholar Also, Ahmed Smaoui, ‘Tourism and Employment in Tunisia’, in ibid. pp. 101–10.

³⁵ Enloe, Cynthia, Bananas, Beaches and Bases: making feminist sense of international politics (Berkeley, 1990), p. 34.Google Scholar

³⁶ O.N.T.T., 1988.

³⁷ Larson, Barbara K., ‘Rural Development in Central Tunisia: constraints and coping strategies’, in Zartman, (ed.), op. cit. p. 143.Google Scholar

³⁸ Edgell, op. cit. Appendix K, Principle III.

³⁹ O.N.T.T., VII Plan. Le Dévelopment du secteur touristique (Tunis, 1986), pp. 9 and 30.Google Scholar