^{page 606 note 1} The member-states of the U.D.E.A.O. were the Ivory Coast, Senegal, Benin (formerly Dahomey), Niger, Upper Volta, Mali, and Mauritania; see Mytelka, Lynn K., ‘A Genealogy of Francophone West and Equatorial African Regional Organisations,’ in The Journal of Modern African Studies (Cambridge), XII, 2, 06 1974, pp. 306–7.Google Scholar

^{page 606 note 2} Thus, imports of Ivorian products by Upper Volta, Niger, and Benin involved losses that amounted to 6 per cent, 3.7 per cent, and 3.1 per cent of their respective total customs revenues during 1967; République française, Secretariat d'État aux affaires étrangères, Les Echanges àl'intérieur dé l'entente (Paris, 1969), pp. 42–3.Google Scholar

^{page 606 note 3} Le Monde (Paris), 9 12 1971.Google Scholar

^{page 606 note 4} Statement in Jeune Afrique (Paris), 12 02 1972, p. 23.Google Scholar

^{page 607 note 1} Quoted by Stremlau, John, The International Politics of the Nigerian Civil War, 1967–1970 (Princeton, 1977), p. 380.Google Scholar

^{page 607 note 2} Bach, Daniel C., ‘Le Général de Gaulle et la guerre civile au Nigeria’, in Centre d'étude d'Afrique noire, La Politique africaine du Général de Gaulle, 1958–1969 (Paris, 1980), pp. 330–45.Google Scholar

^{page 608 note 1} West Africa (London), 7 07 1972, p. 867.Google Scholar

^{page 608 note 2} Ibid. 14 May 1973, p. 629.

^{page 608 note 3} Quoted in Ibid. 7 July 1972, p. 867.

^{page 608 note 4} Le Monde, 19 April 1973.

^{page 609 note 1} Daho-Express (Cotonou), 19 04 1973.Google Scholar

^{page 609 note 2} West Africa, 13 November 1972, p. 1514.

^{page 609 note 3} BCEAO Notes (Paris), 10 1976, p. 8.Google Scholar See also Igué, Ogunsola John, ‘Eacute;volution du commerce clandestin entre le Dahomey et le Nigeria depuis la guerre de “Biafra”’, in Canadian Journal of African Studies (Ottawa) x, 2, 1976, pp. 248–9.Google Scholar

^{page 609 note 4} Bach, Daniel C., ‘L'Insertion dans les rapports internationaux’, in Fauré, Y.-A. and Médard, J.-F. (eds.), État et bourgeoisie en Côte d'Ivoire (Paris, 1982), pp. 93–102.Google Scholar

^{page 610 note 1} France-Presse, Agence, Bulletin quotidien d'Afrique (Paris), 22 05 1973.Google Scholar

^{page 610 note 2} Cf. Collins, P., ‘The Political Economy of Indigenisation: the case of the Nigerian Enterprises Promotion Decree’, in The African Review (Dar es Salaam), IV, 2, 1974, pp. 491–508,Google Scholar and Fajemitokun, Chief H., ‘Role of West African Chambers of Commerce in the Formation of ECOWAS’, in New Nigerian (Kaduna), 22 11 1976.Google Scholar

^{page 611 note 1} Bulletin quotidien d'Afrique, 21 March 1973.

^{page 612 note 1} Onwuka, Ralph, Development and Integration. The Case of EGOWAS (Ile-Ife, 1982), p. 171.Google Scholar

^{page 612 note 2} Bulletin quotidien d'Afrique, 4 January 1974.

^{page 612 note 3} Le Moniteur africain (Dakar), 14 03 1974.Google Scholar

^{page 612 note 4} ‘Treaty of the Economic Community of West African States’, in Nigeria: Bulletin on Foreign Affairs (Lagos), V, 1–2, 1975, p. 199.Google Scholar

^{page 613 note 1} See Nigerian Journal of International Affairs (Lagos), II, 1–2, 1976, pp. 317–53.Google Scholar

^{page 613 note 2} Ibid. VI, 1–2, 1980, pp. 85–90.

^{page 613 note 3} Onwuka, Ralph, ‘The ECOWAS Treaty: inching towards implementation’, in The World Today (London), XXXVI, 2, 1980, p. 58.Google Scholar

^{page 615 note 1} In Benin, for example, all the trade in cocoa has been undertaken by one parastatal organisation, as explained by Igué, Ogunsola John, ‘Un Aspect des échanges entre le Dahomey et le Nigeria le commerce du cacao’, in Bulletin de l'I.F.A.N. (Dakar), 38, 3, 07 1976, p. 638.Google Scholar

^{page 616 note 1} New Nigerian, 28 June 1975.

^{page 616 note 2} Aluko, Olajide, ‘Options in Nigerial Foreign Policy’, Conference of the Canadian African Studies Association, Winnipeg, May 1979, p. 18.Google Scholar

^{page 616 note 3} Gambari, Ibrahim, ‘ECOWAS, Time for National Reappraisal’, in Daily Times (Lagos), 6 05 1978,Google Scholar and ‘Nigeria and the World: a growing international stability, wealth and external influence’, in Journal of International Affairs (New York), XXIX, 2, 1975, pp. 155–69.Google Scholar

^{page 617 note 1} Ojo, Olatunde J., ‘Nigeria and the Formation of ECOWAS’, in International Organisation (Ithaca), XXXIV, 4, Autumn 1980, pp. 590–600.Google Scholar

^{page 620 note 1} Journal officiel de la C.E.A.O. (Ouagadougou), 5 10 1974, p. 2.Google Scholar

^{page 620 note 2} Bulletin d' Afrique noire (Paris), 1 04 1982, p. 13.Google Scholar

^{page 620 note 3} In 1977, the Ivory Coast contributed 61.5 per cent to the F.C.D.'s total income and received in return 26.6 per cent of compensation. Senegal paid 33.1 and per cent received 8.3 per cent. On the other hand, Upper Volta, Mali, Niger, and Mauritania paid in 3.5 per cent, 1.3 per cent, 0.5 per cent, and 0.1 per cent respectively, but received proportionally higher compensation, amounting to 27.7 per cent, 8.1 per cent, 9.6 per cent, and 19.7 per cent. Ibid. 30 November 1977.

^{page 620 note 4} For a detailed account of projects undertaken, see Intégration africaine (Ouagadougou), 10, 1980, pp. 51–3.Google Scholar

^{page 620 note 5} For the text of the agreement, see Ibid. 5, 1978, pp. 53–5.

^{page 621 note 1} Bulletin quotidien d'Afrique, 29 October 1980.

^{page 621 note 2} Journal officiel, C.E.D.E.A.O. (Lagos), III, 06 1981, pp. 12–17.Google Scholar

^{page 621 note 3} Le Monde, 2 November 1983.

^{page 623 note 1} Bach, Daniel C., ‘Dynamique et contradictions dans la politique africaine de la France. Le Cas des rapports avec le Nigeria’, in Politique africaine (Paris), II, 5, 1982, pp. 47–74.Google Scholar

^{page 623 note 2} On this point, see Jalloh, A., ‘Recent Trends in Regional Integration in Africa’, in Nigerian Journal of International Affairs, VI, 1–2, 1980, p. 80.Google Scholar