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^{page 510 note 2} Anthony Lake ‘Africa in Global Perspective’, Christian Herter Lecture, Johns Hopkins University, School of Advanced International Studies, Washington, 27 October 1977; ibid. 77, 2002, 2 November 1977.

^{page 510 note 3} Lake, Anthony, ‘Caution and Concern: United States policy and South Africa, 1948–1971’, Ph.D. thesis, Princeton University, 1974.Google Scholar

^{page 510 note 4} Cyrus Vance, ‘Human Rights and Foreign Policy’, address at Law Day Ceremony, University of Georgia, School of Law, 30 April 1977; ibid. 76, 1978, 23 May 1977.

^{page 511 note 1} Legum, Colin (ed), Africa Contemporary Record, 1977–1978: annual survey and documents (London, 1978), pp. B 871–2.Google Scholar

^{page 512 note 1} Amnesty International, Treatment of Political Prisoners in South Africa (London, 1977).Google Scholar

^{page 512 note 2} Christopher, Warren, ‘Human Rights: the diplomacy of the first year’, address before the American Bar Association, New Orleans, 13 02 1978;Google ScholarDepartment of State Bulletin, 78, 2012, 3 March 1978.

^{page 512 note 3} Clarence Mitchell, ‘US Discusses Human Rights in South Africa’, address to Special Political Committee, United Nations, New York, 28 November 1975; ibid. 73, 1905, 29 December 1975.

^{page 512 note 4} Moynihan, Daniel, A Dangerous Place: a testimony of service as United States Ambassador to the United Nations (London, 1979), p. 244.Google Scholar

^{page 513 note 1} ‘Andrew Young and South African Liberation’, in Africa Currents (London), 9, Summer, 1977, p. 18.Google Scholar

^{page 513 note 2} Dugard, John, Human Rights and the South African Legal Order (Princeton, 1978), pp. 42–4.Google Scholar

^{page 514 note 1} Ball, George, ‘Asking for Trouble in South Africa’, in Atlantic Monthly (Boston), 10 1977, pp. 43–51.Google Scholar

^{page 514 note 2} Brotz, Howard, The Politics of South Africa: democracy and racial diversity (London, 1977), p. 150.Google Scholar

^{page 515 note 1} Brotz, Howard, ‘Constitutional Change in South Africa: utopian and practical’, in South Africa International (Johannesburg), IX, 2 10 1978, p. 67.Google Scholar

^{page 515 note 2} Cited in The Times (London), 7 05 1978.Google Scholar

^{page 516 note 1} Galtung, Johan, ‘On the Effects of International Economic Sanctions: with examples from the case of Rhodesia’, in World Politics (Princeton), XIX, 3, 04 1967, pp. 378–416.Google Scholar

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^{page 516 note 3} Cited in Ranchod, B. G., ‘Political Rights and Majority Rule’, in Benyon, John (ed), Constitutional Change in South Africa (Pietermaritzburg, 1978), p. 44.Google Scholar

^{page 517 note 1} Ibid.

^{page 517 note 2} The Financial Times (London), 15 06 1978.Google Scholar

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^{page 518 note 1} Walter Mondale, Press Conference, United States Information Service, Washington, 25 May 1977.

^{page 518 note 2} The Financial Mail (Johannesburg), 21 10 1977.Google Scholar

^{page 518 note 3} Statement of Richard Moose before House Sub-Committee on African Affairs, 26 October 1977; Department of State Bulletin, 77, 2008, 14 November 1977.

^{page 518 note 4} International Herald Tribune (Paris), 2 01 1979.Google Scholar

^{page 519 note 1} The Financial Times, 28 September 1977.

^{page 519 note 2} See Friedmann, Julian, Basic Facts on the Republic of South Africa and the Policy of Apartheid, Centre against Apartheid, Department of Political and Security Council Affairs, London, 04 1977.Google Scholar

^{page 520 note 1} The Times, 23 May 1977.

^{page 520 note 2} Christopher, Warren, ‘Human Rights: principle and realism’, address before the American Bar Association, 9 08 1977;Google ScholarDepartment of State Bulletin, 77, 1962, 27 August 1977.

^{page 520 note 3} Lepaulle, Pierre, ‘An Outsider's Viewpoint on the Nature of Trusts’, in Cornell Law Quarterly (Ithaca, N.Y.), 15, p. 52.Google Scholar

^{page 520 note 4} Washington Post, 5 November 1977; my emphasis.

^{page 521 note 1} Cited by Moorcroft, P., ‘Towards the Garrison State’, in Vaughan, F. Clifford (ed.), South Africa: international pressure and political change (London, 1978), p. 86.Google Scholar

^{page 521 note 2} Cited by Tinker, Hugh, Race, Conflict and International Order (London, 1977), p. 47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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^{page 522 note 1} Statement by Philip Habib to the House Sub-Committee on African Affairs, 3 March 1977; Department of State Bulletin, 76, 1970, 28 March 1977.

^{page 522 note 2} Hofstadter, Richard, The Paranoid Style in American Politics and Other Essays (London, 1966).Google Scholar

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^{page 522 note 4} The Sunday Times (London), 29 01 1978.Google Scholar

^{page 523 note 1} For example, in India the British gave the vote to the untouchables as a ‘communal award’. In post-colonial Africa, under the Interim Constitution of Tanzania, 1965, certain national institutions designated by the President were each entitled to nominate up to 5 persons, and the National Assembly then elected to its membership 15 of those approved by the national executive of T.A.N.U.

^{page 523 note 2} The Daily Telegraph (London), 5 09 1977.Google Scholar

^{page 523 note 3} Savage, Michael, ‘Costs of Enforcing Apartheid and Problems of Change’, in African Affairs (London), 76, 304, 07 p. 289.Google Scholar

^{page 523 note 4} Cited by Midlane, Mathew, ‘The Crisis Facing South Africa’, in The Round Table (London), 274, 04 1979, p. 116.Google Scholar

^{page 524 note 1} Fiss, Oliver, ‘Groups and the Equal Protection Clause’, in Philosophy and Public Affairs (Princeton), 5, Winter 1976, p. 157.Google Scholar

^{page 524 note 2} The New York Times, 22 May 1978.

^{page 524 note 3} Davenport, T. R. H., South Africa: a modern history (London, 1977), p. 376.Google Scholar