Hostname: page-component-7bb8b95d7b-w7rtg Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-09-17T12:48:47.382Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Abnormalities in the Lower Ordovician Cornute Phyllocystis Thoral, 1935 (Echinodermata: Stylophora) from Montagne Noire (southern France): implications for plate homology and phylogeny

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2015

David Ware  and
Bertrand Lefebvre
David Ware
Affiliation:
Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne, 6 boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France,
Bertrand Lefebvre
Affiliation:
Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne, 6 boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France,
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Two specimens of the cornute Phyllocystis crassimarginata Thoral, 1935 from the Lower Ordovician of Southern Montagne Noire (Languedoc, France) showing abnormal numbers of marginal plates are described. the first one (UM 310) is characterized by the insertion of one extra plate between the fourth right marginal and the zygal plate Z. Comparison with a new, undescribed Tremadoc boot-shaped cornute suggests that 1) the extra plate of UM 310 is equivalent to M4, and 2) the three right marginals located between M1 and Z in “normal” specimens of Phyllocystis can be identified as M2, Mc, and M3. Plate configurations of the right thecal margin are thus identical in “normal” Phyllocystis, chauvelicystids, and cothurnocystids. This result indicates that Phyllocystis is probably more closely related to these two clades than to scotiaecystids. Consequently, the identification of the four marginals forming the left thecal margin of Phyllocystis (M′2, M′3, M′5, and M′5) is deduced from a comparison with the cothurnocystid plate pattern. the second abnormal specimen of P. crassimarginata (R64546) is characterized by the loss of M′3. It confirms that reduction in the number of marginals is a general trend in boot-shaped cornutes.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 81 , Issue 4 , July 2007 , pp. 779 - 787
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barrande, J. 1887. Système Silurien du centre de la Bohême. Volume VII, Classe des Echinodermes, Ordre des Cystidées. Rivnac, Prague, Gerhard, Leipzig, 233 p.Google Scholar
Bather, F. A. 1913. Caradocian Cystidea from Girvan. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 49:359–529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Capéra, J. C., Courtessole, R., and Pillet, J. 1978. Contribution à l'étude de l'Ordovicien inférieur de la Montagne Noire. Biostratigraphie et révision des Agnostida. Annales de la Société Géologique du Nord, 98:67–88.Google Scholar
Chauvel, J. 1971. Les échinodermes carpoïdes du Paléozoïque inférieur marocain. Notes du Service géologique du Maroc, 31:49–60.Google Scholar
Chauvel, J. 1981. Etude critique de quelques échinodermes stylophores du Massif armoricain. Bulletin de la Société géologique et minéralogique de Bretagne, (C) 13:67–101.Google Scholar
Courtessole, R., Marek, L., Pillet, J., Ubaghs, G., and Vizcaïno, D. 1983. Calymenina, Echinodermata et Hyolitha de l'Ordovicien inférieur de la Montagne Noire (France méridionale). Société d'Etudes Scientifiques de l'Aude, Carcassonne, 62 p.Google Scholar
Cripps, A.P. 1988. A new species of stem-group chordate from the Upper Ordovician of Northern Ireland. Palaeontology, 31:1053–1077.Google Scholar
Cripps, A. P. 1991. A cladistic analysis of the cornutes (stem chordates). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 102:333–366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cripps, A. P., and Daley, P. E. J. 1994. Two cornutes from the Middle Ordovician (Llandeilo) of Normandy, France, and a reinterpretation of Milonicystis kerfornei. Palaeontographica, Abteilung A, 232:99–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daley, P. E. J. 1992. Two new cornutes from the Lower Ordovician of Shropshire and southern France. Palaeontology, 35:127–148.Google Scholar
David, B., Lefebvre, B., Mooi, R., and Parsley, R. 2000. Are homalozoans echinoderms? An answer from the extraxial-axial theory. Paleobiology, 26:529–555.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Koninck, M. L. 1869. Sur quelques échinodermes remarquables des terrains paléozoïques. Bulletin de l'Académie Royale de Belgique, 28:544–552.Google Scholar
Derstler, K. 1979. Biogeography of the stylophoran carpoids (Echinodermata), p. 91–104. In Gray, J., and Boucot, A. J. (eds.), Historical Biogeography, Plate Tectonics, and the Changing Environment. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis.Google Scholar
Fay, R. O. 1961. Deltoblastus, a new Permian blastoid from Timor. Oklahoma Geological Survey, Oklahoma Geology Notes, 21:36–40.Google Scholar
Guérangé-Lozes, J., and Burg, J. P. 1990. Les nappes varisques du sudouest du Massif central. Géologie de la France, 3-4:71–106.Google Scholar
Horowitz, A. S., Able, S., and Strimple, H. L. 1986. Abnormalities in Pentremites Say (Blastoidea) from the Pella Formation (Upper Mississipian) of Iowa. Journal of Paleontology, 60:390–399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaekel, O. 1901. Uber Carpoideen; eine neue Klasse von Pelmatozoen. Zeitschrift der deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft, 52:661–677.Google Scholar
Jefferies, R. P. S. 1969. Ceratocystis perneri Jaekel—A Middle Cambrian chordate with echinoderm affinities. Palaeontology, 12:494–535.Google Scholar
Jefferies, R. P. S. 1984. Locomotion, shape, ornament, and external ontogeny in some mitrate calcichordates. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 4:292–319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jefferies, R. P. S. 1986. The Ancestry of the Vertebrates. British Museum (Natural History), London, 376 p.Google Scholar
Jefferies, R. P. S. 1991. Two types of bilateral symmetry in the Metazoa: chordate and bilaterian, p. 94–127. In Bock, G. R. and Marsch, J. (eds.), Biological Asymmetry and Handedness. Wiley, Chichester.Google Scholar
Jefferies, R. P. S., and Lewis, D. N. 1978. The English Silurian fossil Placocystites forbesianus and the ancestry of the vertebrates. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (B), 282:205–323.Google Scholar
Jefferies, R. P. S., and Prokop, R. J. 1972. A new calcichordate from the Ordovician of Bohemia and its anatomy, adaptations and relationships. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4:69–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jefferies, R. P. S., Brown, N. A., and Daley, P. E. J. 1996. The early phylogeny of chordates and echinoderms and the origin of chordate left-right asymmetry and bilateral symmetry. Acta Zoologica, 77:101–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kolata, D. R., and Jollie, M. 1982. Anomalocystitid mitrates (Stylophora-Echinodermata) from the Champlainian (Middle Ordovician) Guttenberg Formation of the Upper Mississipi Valley Region. Journal of Paleontology, 56:631–653.Google Scholar
Kolata, D. R., Frest, T. J., and Mapes, R. H. 1991. The youngest carpoid: Occurrence, affinities and life mode of a Pennsylvanian (Morrowan) mitrate from Oklahoma. Journal of Paleontology, 65:844–855.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, S. B., Lefebvre, B., and Choi, D. K. 2005. Latest Cambrian cornutes (Echinodermata: Stylophora) from the Taebaeksan Basin, Korea. Journal of Paleontology, 79:139–151.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lefebvre, B. 1999. Stylophores (Cornuta, Mitrata): Situation au sein du phylum des échinodermes et phylogenèse. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Université Claude Bernard – Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, 630 p.Google Scholar
Lefebvre, B. 2000. A new mitrate (Echinodermata, Stylophora) from the Tremadoc of Shropshire (England) and the origin of the Mitrocystitida. Journal of Paleontology, 74:890–905.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lefebvre, B. 2001. Some critical comments on “ankyroids.” Geobios, 34:597–627.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lefebvre, B. 2003a. Stephen J. Gould, les mitrates et les monstres. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2:509–522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lefebvre, B. 2003b. Functional morphology of stylophoran echinoderms. Palaeontology, 46:511–555.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lefebvre, B., and Vizcaïno, D. 1999. New Ordovician cornutes (Echinodermata, Stylophora) from Montagne Noire and Brittany (France) and a revision of the order Cornuta Jaekel, 1901. Geobios, 32:421–458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lefebvre, B., Rachebœuf, P., and David, B. 1998. Homologies in stylophoran echinoderms, p. 103–109. In Mooi, R. and Telford, M. (eds.), Echinoderms: San Francisco. Balkema, Rotterdam.Google Scholar
Macurda, D. B. Jr. 1964. The blastoid Pentremites Say—A trimerous mutant and some new occurrences. Journal of Paleontology, 38:705–710.Google Scholar
Macurda, D. B. Jr. 1980. Abnormalities of the Carboniferous blastoid Pentremites. Journal of Paleontology, 54:1155–1162.Google Scholar
Martí Mus, M. 2002. The Ordovician cornute Flabellicystis rushtoni n. gen. n. sp. (Stylophora, Echinodermata) and its phylogenetic position within the group Cornuta. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 76:99–116.Google Scholar
Nichols, D. 1972. The water-vascular system in living and fossil echinoderms. Palaeontology, 15:519–538.Google Scholar
Parsley, R. L. 1988. Feeding and respiratory strategies in Stylophora, p. 347–361. In Paul, C. R. C. and Smith, A. B. (eds.), Echinoderms Phylogeny and Evolutionary Biology. Clarendon Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Parsley, R. L. 1991. Review of selected North American mitrate stylophorans (Homalozoa: Echinodermata). Bulletins of American Paleontology, 100:5–57.Google Scholar
Parsley, R. L. 1997. The echinoderm classes Stylophora and Homoiostelea: non Calcichordata. Paleontological Society Papers, 3:225–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parsley, R. L. 1998. Taxonomic revision of the Stylophora, p. 111–117. In Mooi, R. and Telford, M. (eds.), Echinoderms: San Francisco. Balkema, Rotterdam.Google Scholar
Rozhnov, S. V. 2002. Morphogenesis and evolution of crinoids and other pelmatozoan echinoderms in the Early Paleozoic. Paleontological Journal, 36:525–674.Google Scholar
Ruta, M. 1997. A new mitrate from the Lower Ordovician of southern France. Palaeontology, 40:363–383.Google Scholar
Ruta, M. 1998. An abnormal specimen of the Silurian anomalocystitid mitrate Placocystites forbesianus. Palaeontology, 41:173–182.Google Scholar
Ruta, M. 1999a. Brief review of the stylophoran debate. Evolution & Development, 1:123–135.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ruta, M. 1999b. A cladistic analysis of the anomalocystitid mitrates. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 127:345–421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruta, M. 1999c. A new stylophoran echinoderm, Juliaecarpus milnerorum, from the late Ordovician Upper Ktaoua Formation of Morocco. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Geology), 55:47–79.Google Scholar
Say, T. 1820. Observations on some species of zoophytes and shells principally fossil. American Journal of Science, 2:34–45.Google Scholar
Sprinkle, J., and Guensburg, T. E. 2004. Crinozoan, blastozoan, echinozoan, asterozoan, and homalozoan echinoderms, p. 266–280. In Webby, B. D., Paris, F., Droser, M. L., and Percival, I. G. (eds.), The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event. Columbia University Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thoral, M. 1935. Contribution à l'Etude Paléontologique de l'Ordovicien Inférieur de la Montagne Noire et Révision Sommaire de la Faune Cambrienne de la Montagne Noire. Imprimerie de la Charité, Montpellier, 362 p.Google Scholar
Ubaghs, G. 1961. Un échinoderme nouveau de la classe des carpoïdes dans l'Ordovicien inférieur du département de l'Hérault (France). Comptes-Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris, 253:2565–2567.Google Scholar
Ubaghs, G. 1963. Cothurnocystis Bather, Phyllocystis Thoral and an undetermined member of the order Soluta (Echinodermata, Carpoïdea) in the uppermost Cambrian of Nevada. Journal of Paleontology, 37:1133–1142.Google Scholar
Ubaghs, G. 1968. Stylophora, p. S495–S564. In Moore, R. C (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. S, Echinodermata, 1. Geological Society of America, New York.Google Scholar
Ubaghs, G. 1970. Les Echinodermes “Carpoïdes” de l'Ordovicien Inférieur de la Montagne Noire (France). Cahiers de Paléontologie, Editions du CNRS, Paris, 110 p.Google Scholar
Ubaghs, G. 1979. Trois Mitrata (Echinodermata: Stylophora) nouveaux de l'Ordovicien de Tchécoslovaquie. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 53:98–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ubaghs, G. 1983. Echinodermata. Notes sur les Échinodermes de l'Ordovicien Inférieur de la Montagne Noire (France), p. 33–35. In Courtessole, R., Marek, L., Pillet, J., Ubaghs, G., and Vizcaïno, D. (eds.), Calymena, Echinodermata et Hyolitha de l'Ordovicien de la Montagne Noire (France Méridionale). Société d'Etudes Scientifiques de l'Aude, Carcassonne.Google Scholar
Ubaghs, G. 1991. Deux Stylophora (Homalozoa, Echinodermata) nouveaux pour l'Ordovicien inférieur de la Montagne Noire (France méridionale). Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 65:157–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ubaghs, G. 1994. Echinodermes nouveaux (Stylophora, Eocrinoidea) de l'Ordovicien inférieur de la Montagne Noire (France). Annales de Paléontologie, 80:107–141.Google Scholar
Vizcaïno, D., and Alvaro, J. J. 2003. Adequacy of the Early Ordovician trilobite record in the Southern Montagne Noire (France): Biases for biodiversity documentation. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences, 93:393–401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vizcaïno, D., and Lefebvre, B. 1999. Les échinodermes du Paléozoïque inférieur de Montagne Noire: Biostratigraphie et paléodiversité. Geobios, 32:353–364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vizcaïno, D., Álvaro, J. J., and Lefebvre, B. 2001. The Lower Ordovician of the Southern Montagne Noire. Annales de la Société Géologique du Nord, 8:213–220.Google Scholar
Wanner, J. 1932. Neue Beiträge zur Kentniss der Permischen Echinodermen von Timor. VII. Die Anomalieen der Schizoblasten. Dienst van den Mijnbouw in Nederlandsch-Indië Wetenschappelijke Mededeelingen, 20:1–46.Google Scholar
Woods, I. S., and Jefferies, R. P. S. 1992. A new stem-group chordate from the Lower Ordovician of South Wales, and the problem of locomotion in boot-shaped cornutes. Palaeontology, 35:1–25.Google Scholar