Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-fwgfc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-11T10:33:33.599Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The nonmarine mollusks of the late Oligocene–early Miocene Cabbage Patch fauna of western Montana III. Aquatic mollusks and conclusions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2016

Harold G. Pierce
Harold G. Pierce*
Affiliation:
Research Associate, University of Nebraska State Museum, Lincoln 68588-0514
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The aquatic molluscan fauna of the late Oligocene–early Miocene Cabbage Patch beds of western Montana includes eight taxa, six of which are new at specific or subspecific level, Sphaerium bakeri, Valvata paula, Planorbula powelli, Biomphalaria haydeni, Lymnaea tumere, and Lymnaea vetusta ambigua. Two are referred to previously known taxa, Viviparus nanus and Lymnaea shumardi. The genera Biomphalaria, Planorbula, and Viviparus no longer occur in western Montana, nor in the Columbia River drainage. Planorbula powelli is the earliest unequivocal Planorbula from North America. Of the 18 supraspecific taxa of this molluscan fauna, eight (44%) are now displaced, all but one to the east and/or south. Climatic interpretations derived from modern habitats of the genera Biomphalaria and Polygyroidea suggest a late Oligocene–early Miocene Mean Annual Temperature of 10°C, with January means not less than 5°C, and July means about 15°C. Environmental analysis suggests a subhumid to subarid shrub and grassland vegetation similar to modern environments with > 50 cm Mean Annual Precipitation, surrounding marshy shallow lakes subject to seasonal desiccation. Effective moisture varied from slightly greater than the present for the late Oligocene to a latest Oligocene pluvial interval followed by subarid conditions for the early Miocene. Geographically, the drainage of this area was into a closed and isolated basin during the late Oligocene–early Miocene. Molluscan assemblages are found to support the tripartite division of the Cabbage Patch beds that has been based on mammals and should be useful in correlation between basins.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 67 , Issue 6 , November 1993 , pp. 980 - 993
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, H., and Adams, A. 1853–1858. The genera of recent Mollusca. Volumes 1–3. J. van Voorst, London, Vol. 1, 484 p., Vol. 2, 661 p., Vol. 3, 138 pls.Google Scholar
Baker, F. C. 1911. The Lymnaeidae of North and Middle America, recent and fossil. Chicago Academy of Science Special Publication 3, 539 p.Google Scholar
Baker, F. C. 1927. On the division of the Sphaeriidae into two subfamilies; and the description of a new species and genus of Unionidae with descriptions of new varieties. American Midland Naturalist, 10:220–223.Google Scholar
Baker, F. C. 1928. The fresh water Mollusca of Wisconsin. Part I. Gastropoda. Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, Bulletin 70, Part 1, 507 p.Google Scholar
Bequaert, J. C., and Miller, W. B. 1973. The Mollusks of the Arid Southwest. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 271 p.Google Scholar
Berry, E. G., and Miller, B. B. 1966. A new Pleistocene fauna and a new species of Biomphalaria (Basommatophora: Planorbidae) from southwestern Kansas. Malacologia, 4:261–267.Google Scholar
Binney, W. G. 1865. Land and fresh water shells of North America. Pt. 3. Ampullariidae, Valvatidae, Viviparidae, fresh-water Rissoidae, Cyclophoridae, Truncatellidae, fresh-water Neritidae, Helicinidae. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 7, 120 p.Google Scholar
Brown, A. P., and Pilsbry, H. A. 1914. Fresh-water mollusks of the Oligocene of Antigua. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 66:209–213.Google Scholar
Burch, J. B. 1989. North American Freshwater Snails. Malacological Publications, Hamburg, Michigan, 365 p.Google Scholar
Burch, J. B., and Patterson, C. M. 1971. Brief communications: chromosome numbers of Hawaiian Lymnaeidae. Malacological Review, 4:209–210.Google Scholar
Clarke, A. H. 1973. The freshwater mollusks of the Canadian Interior Basin. Malacologia, 13:1–509.Google ScholarPubMed
Clessin, S. 1880–1882. Die Familie der Ancylinen. In Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz, 1:1–80.Google Scholar
Constenius, K. N., Dawson, M. R., Pierce, H. G., Walter, R. C., and Wilson, M. V. H. 1989. Reconnaissance paleontologic study of the Kishenehn Formation, northwestern Montana and southeastern British Columbia, p. 189–203. In French, D. and Grabb, R. F. (eds.), Montana Geological Society, 1989 Field Conference Guidebook: Montana Centennial Edition.Google Scholar
Cooper, J. G. 1870. Notes on west-coast land-shells. No. 2. American Journal of Conchology, 5:199–219.Google Scholar
Dall, W. H. 1870. On the genus Pompholyx and its allies, with a revision of the Lymnaeidae of authors. Annals of Lyceum of Natural History of New York, 9:333–361.Google Scholar
Dall, W. H. 1895. A new classification of the Pelecypoda. Transactions of the Wagner Free Institute of Science, 3:481–947.Google Scholar
Dawson, G. M. 1875. Land and fresh-water Mollusca collected during the summers of 1873–74, in the vicinity of the forty-ninth parallel—Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains, p. 347–350. In North American Boundary Commission, 1872–1876, Report on the geology and resources of the region in the vicinity of the forty-ninth parallel, from the Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains, with lists of plants and animals collected, and notes on the fossils. B. Westermann, New York.Google Scholar
Evans, J., and Shumard, B. F. 1854. Descriptions of new fossil species from the fresh-water Tertiary formations of Nebraska, collected by the North Pacific railroad Expedition under Gov. J. J. Stevens. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 7:164–165.Google Scholar
Firby, J. R. 1966. New non-marine mollusks from Contra Costa County, California. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 34:511–523.Google Scholar
Flemming, J. 1828. A history of British animals, etc. Edinburgh and London, 565 p.Google Scholar
Good, S. C. 1987. Mollusc-based interpretations of lacustrine paleoenvironments of the Sheep Pass Formation (latest Cretaceous to Eocene) of east central Nevada. Palaios, 2:467–478.Google Scholar
Gould, A. A. 1848. Descriptions of new species of Physa from collection of the Exploring Expedition. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 2:214–215.Google Scholar
Gray, J. E. 1840. P. 79. In Turton, W. (ed.), Manual of Land- and Fresh-water Shells of the British Isles, 2nd ed.Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Greene, London.Google Scholar
Gray, J. E. 1847. A list of the genera of Recent Mollusca. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 15:129–219.Google Scholar
Haldeman, S. S. 1842–1845 [1840–1871]. A Monograph of the Freshwater Univalve Mollusca of the United States [or A Monograph of the Limniades or Freshwater Univalve Shells of North America], in 9 parts. J. Dobson, Philadelphia, 231 p.Google Scholar
Hanna, G. D. 1922. Fossil freshwater mollusks from Oregon contained in the Condon Museum of the University of Oregon. University of Oregon Publication, 1:1–23.Google Scholar
Hannibal, H. 1912. A synopsis of the Recent and Tertiary freshwater Mollusca of the California Province, based upon an ontogenetic classification. Proceedings of the Malacological Society, 10, Parts 2 and 3:112–211.Google Scholar
Hemphill, H. 1890. New forms of western Limnaides. Nautilus, 4:25–27.Google Scholar
Henderson, J. 1931. Molluscan Provinces in the western United States. University of Colorado Studies, 18(4):177–186.Google Scholar
Henderson, J. 1935. Fossil non-marine Mollusca of North America. Geological Society of America Special Paper 3, 313 p.Google Scholar
Herrington, H. B. 1962. A revision of the Sphaeriidae of North America (Mollusca: Pelecypoda). University of Michigan Museum of Zoology Miscellaneous Publications 118, 74 p.Google Scholar
Hubendick, B. 1951. Recent Lymnaeidae. Their variation, morphology, taxonomy, nomenclature, and distribution. Kungl Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar Fjärde Serien, Band 3, 223 p.Google Scholar
Hubendick, B. 1955. Phylogeny of the Planorbidae. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 28:453–542.Google Scholar
Hubendick, B. 1978. Systematics and comparative morphology of the Basammatophora, p. 1–47. In Fretter, V. and Peake, J. (eds.), Pulmonates. Volume 2A. Systematics, evolution and ecology. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
Johnson, M. S., and Hibbard, D. E. 1957. Geology of the Atomic Energy Commission Nevada Proving Grounds area, Nevada. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1021-K:333–384.Google Scholar
de Lamarck, J. B. P. 1799. Prodrome d'une nouvelle Classification des Coquilles, etc. Mémoire de Société Histoire Naturel, Parisi, Prairial, An vii (May 1799):63–91.Google Scholar
Larocque, A. 1968. Pleistocene Mollusca of Ohio. Ohio Division of Geological Survey Bulletin 62, Part 3:357–553.Google Scholar
Lea, I. 1858. Description of a new Helix and two new planorbes. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 10:41.Google Scholar
Leonard, A. B. 1948. Five new Yarmouthian planorbid snails. Nautilus, 62:41–47.Google Scholar
Linné, C. A. 1758. Systema Naturae, per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentüs, synonymis, locis. 10th ed.Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 p.Google Scholar
McKenna, M. C., Robinson, P., and Taylor, D. W. 1962. Notes on Eocene Mammalia and Mollusca from Tabernacle Butte, Wyoming. American Museum Novitates No. 2102, 33 p.Google Scholar
Malek, E. A. 1969. Studies on “tropicorbid” snails (Biomphalaria: Planorbidae) from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico areas, including the southern United States. Malacologia, 7:183–209.Google Scholar
Mansfield, G. R. 1920. The Wasatch and Salt Lake Formations of southeastern Idaho. American Journal of Science, new series, 199:399–406.Google Scholar
Meek, F. B. 1860. Description of new fossil remains collected in Nebraska and Utah by the exploring expedition under the command of Capt. J. H. Simpson. Tertiary Species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 12:312–315.Google Scholar
Meek, F. B. 1876. Report on the invertebrate Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils of the upper Missouri country. (Species of fresh- and brackish-water lignite beds. Mollusca. Gastropoda, p. 531–605.) Report of the U.S. Geological Survey of the Territories, F. V. Hayden, U.S. Geologist-in-Charge. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 629 p.Google Scholar
Meek, F. B. 1877. Paleontology. In United States Geological Exploration of the 40th Parallel (King Survey) Report. Volume 4. Pt. 1. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 197 p.Google Scholar
Meek, F. B. and Hayden, F. V. 1856. Descriptions of new species of Acephala and Gasteropoda from the Tertiary formations of Nebraska Territory, with some general remarks on the geology of the country about the sources of the Missouri River. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 8:111–126.Google Scholar
Meek, F. B. and Hayden, F. V. 1860. Descriptions of new organic remains from the Tertiary, Cretaceous and Jurassic rocks of Nebraska. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 12:175–185.Google Scholar
Merriam, C. H. 1890. Results of a biological survey of the San Francisco Mountain region and desert of the Little Colorado, Arizona. North American Fauna (U.S. Department of Agriculture) No. 3. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 136 p.Google Scholar
Metcalf, A. L. 1969. Quaternary surfaces, sediments, and mollusks: southern Mesilla Valley, New Mexico and Texas, p. 158–164. In New Mexico Geological Society, 20th Annual Field Conference Guidebook.Google Scholar
Mighels, J. W. 1848. Descriptions of shells from the Sandwich Islands, and other localities. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 2:18–25.Google Scholar
de Montfort, P. D. 1808–1810. Conchyliologie systématique et classification méthodiquedes Coquilles. Paris. Volume I, 410 p. (1808), Volume II, 876 p. (1810).Google Scholar
Morelet, P.-A. 1849. Testacea novissima insulae Cubanae et Americae Centralis. J.-B. Baillière, Paris, Pars 1, 31 p.Google Scholar
Müller, O. F. 1774. Vermium terrestrium et fluviatilum, seu animalium Infusorium, Helminthicorum et Testaceorum non marinorum succinta historia. Volumen Alterum. Heineck et Faber, Haviniae et Lipsiae, 214 p.Google Scholar
Pfeiffer, L. 1839. Berichte über die ergenbrisse meiner reise nach Cuba, im winter 1838–1839. Weigman's Archiv für Naturgeschichte, fünfter jahrgang, erster band:346–358.Google Scholar
Pfeiffer, L. 1854. Zur molluskenfauna der Insel Cuba. Malakozoologie Blatter (Cassel), 1:170–213.Google Scholar
Pierce, H. G. 1975. Diversity of late Cenozoic gastropods on the Southern High Plains. Unpubl. Ph.D. dissertation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, 267 p.Google Scholar
Pierce, H. G. 1992. The nonmarine mollusks of the late Oligocene–early Miocene Cabbage Patch fauna of western Montana. II. Terrestrial gastropod families other than Pupillidae (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora). Journal of Paleontology, 66:618–628.Google Scholar
Pierce, H. G., and Rasmussen, D. R. 1992. The nonmarine mollusks of the late Oligocene–early Miocene Cabbage Patch fauna of western Montana. I. Geologic setting and family Pupillidae (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora). Journal of Paleontology, 66:39–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pilsbry, H. A. 1895. Manual of Conchology, Second Series: Pulmonata. Volume 9 (Helicidae Volume 7). Guide to the study of helices; Index to helices. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia. Guide, 336 p.; Index, 126 p.Google Scholar
Pilsbry, H. A. 1916–1918. Manual of Conchology (2) Pupillidae 24. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 380 p.Google Scholar
Pilsbry, H. A. 1924. On Triodopsis harfordiana W.G.B. Nautilus, 37:133–135.Google Scholar
Pilsbry, H. A. 1926. Manual of Conchology (2) Pupillidae 27. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 369 p.Google Scholar
Pilsbry, H. A. 1934. Review of the Planorbidae of Florida, with notes on other members of the family. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 86:29–66.Google Scholar
Pilsbry, H. A. 1939. Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico), Monograph 3, 1 (1). Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 573 p.Google Scholar
Pilsbry, H. A. 1948. Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico), Monograph 3, 2 (2). Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, p. 521–1,113.Google Scholar
Preston, H. B. 1910. Additions to the non-marine molluscan fauna of British and German East Africa and Lake Albert Edward. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 8th Series, 6:526–536.Google Scholar
Rafinesque Schmaltz, C. S. 1815. Analyse de la Nature, ou tableau de l'univers et des corps organises. Palerme, 224 p.Google Scholar
Rafinesque Schmaltz, C. S. 1819. De 70 nouveaux genres d'animaux découverts dans l'intérior des Etats-Unis d'Amérique, durant l'année 1818. Journal de Physique, Chimique et Histique naturel, 88:423–428.Google Scholar
Rasmussen, D. L. 1977. Geology and mammalian paleontology of the Oligocene–Miocene Cabbage Patch Formation, central-western Montana. Unpubl. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 794 p.Google Scholar
Richards, C. S. 1963. Apertural lamellae, epiphragms, and aestivation of planorbid mollusks. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 12:254–263.Google Scholar
Ross, C. P. 1959. Geology of Glacier National Park and the Flathead region, northwestern Montana. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 296, 125 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roth, B. 1981. Distribution, reproductive anatomy, and variation of Monadenia troglodytes Hanna and Smith (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) with the proposal of a new subgenus. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 42:379–407.Google Scholar
Roth, B., and Emberton, K. C.In press. “Extralimital” land mollusks (Gastropoda) from the Deep River Formation, Montana: Evidence for mesic medial Tertiary climate. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Russell, L. S. 1931. Early Tertiary Mollusca from Wyoming. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 18:3–39.Google Scholar
Russell, L. S. 1952. Molluscan fauna of the Kishenehn Formation, southeastern British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin, 126:120–141.Google Scholar
Say, T. 1818. Account of two new genera, and several new species, of freshwater and land shells. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1:276–284.Google Scholar
Say, T. 1821. Descriptions of univalve shells of the United States. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 2:149–179.Google Scholar
Say, T. 1829. Description of some new terrestrial and fluviatile shells of North America. New Harmony Disseminator, 2:229–356.Google Scholar
Schlotheim, E. F. 1820. Die Petrefaktenkunde auf ihrem jetzigen Standpunkte durch die Beschreibung seiner Sammlung versteinerter und fossiler Überreste des Thier- und Pflanzenreichs der Vorwelt erläutert. Beckersche Buchhandlung, Gotha, 437 p.Google Scholar
Schmidt, A. 1850. Malakologische Mittheilungen. Zeitschrift für Malakozoologie, 7:113–120.Google Scholar
Schuchert, C. 1905. Assisted by W. H. Dall, T. W. Stanton, and R. S. Bassler. Catalog of the type specimens of fossil invertebrates in the department of geology, U.S. National Museum. U.S. National Museum Bulletin 53, 704 p.Google Scholar
Scopoli, J. A. 1777. Introductio ad historium naturalem sistentes genera lapidum, plantarum et animalum, hacentus detecta, caracteribus essentialibus donata, in tribus divisa, subinde ad leges naturae. Prague, 506 p.Google Scholar
Stanton, T. W. 1903. A new fresh-water molluscan faunule from the Cretaceous of Montana. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 42:188–199.Google Scholar
Sterki, V. 1893. Bifidaria: a new subgenus of Pupu. Nautilus, 6:99–101.Google Scholar
Taylor, D. W. 1954. Nonmarine mollusks from Barstow Formation of Southern California. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 254-C:67–80.Google Scholar
Taylor, D. W. 1960. Late Cenozoic molluscan faunas of the High Plains. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 337, 94 p.Google Scholar
Taylor, D. W. 1975. Early Tertiary mollusks from the Powder River Basin, Wyoming–Montana and adjacent regions. U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 75-331, 515 p.Google Scholar
Taylor, D. W. 1985a. Pecosorbis, a new genus of fresh-water snails (Planorbidae) from New Mexico. New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Circular 194, 17 p.Google Scholar
Taylor, D. W. 1985b. Evolution of freshwater drainages and molluscs in western North America, p. 265–321. In Smiley, C. J., Leviton, A. E., and Beerson, M. (eds.), Late Cenozoic History of the Pacific Northwest, Interdisciplinary Studies on the Clarkia Fossil beds of Northern Idaho. Pacific Division, American Academy of Sciences, San Francisco.Google Scholar
Thiele, J. 1925. Fünfter Stamm der Eumetazoa Mollusca=Weichtiere, p. 15–96. In Kükenthal, W. and Krumbach, T. (eds.), Handbuch der Zoologie. Volume 5. lief. 1. Berlin, Leipzig.Google Scholar
Troschel, F. H. 1857. Das Gebiss der Schnecken zur Begründung einer natürlichten Classification. Volume 1. Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin, 252 p.Google Scholar
Turton, W. 1831. Manual of Land and Fresh-water Shells of the British Isles. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Greene, London, 150 p.Google Scholar
Van Houten, F. B. 1954. Geology of the Long Creek–Beaver Divide area, Fremont County, Wyoming. U.S. Geological Survey Oil and Gas Investigations Map OM 140, 2 sheets.Google Scholar
Walker, B. 1906. Notes on Valvata. Nautilus, 20:25–32.Google Scholar
Westerlund, C. A. 1883. Malakologische Miscellen II. Nachrichtsblatt der deutschen malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 15:164–174.Google Scholar
White, C. A. 1877. Part I. Report upon the invertebrate fossils collected in portions of Nevada, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, by parties of the Expeditions of 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874. Chapter X. Fossils of the Tertiary Period. Part I, 219 p.; Part II, 370 p. In Report upon United States Geographical Surveys west of the one hundredth meridian in charge of First Lieut. Geo. M. Wheeler, … Volume IV. Paleontology. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
White, C. A. 1883. A review of the non-marine Mollusca of North America, p. 403–550. In Third Annual Report of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1881–1882. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
White, C. A. 1886. On the relation of the Laramie molluscan fauna to that of the succeeding fresh-water Eocene and other groups. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 34, 54 p.Google Scholar
White, C. A. 1895. The Bear River Formation and its characteristic fauna. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 128, 108 p.Google Scholar
Wollaston, T. V. 1878. Testacea Atlantica, or the land and freshwater shells of the Azores, Madieras, Selvages, Canaries, Cape Verdes, and St. Helenas. London, 588 p.Google Scholar
World Meteorological Organization (UNESCO). 1979. Climatic Atlas of North and Central America. I. Maps of mean temperature and precipitation. Maps 1–28c.Google Scholar
Yen, T. C. 1947. Pliocene fresh-water mollusks from northern Utah. Journal of Paleontology, 21:268–277.Google Scholar
Yen, T. C. 1951. Fresh-water mollusks of Cretaceous Age from Montana and Wyoming. Part 1. A fluviatile fauna from the Kootenai Formation near Harlowton, Montana. Part 2. An Upper Cretaceous fauna from the Leeds Creek area, Lincoln County, Wyoming. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 233-A:1–20.Google Scholar