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36. Ibid., 22.

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46. At that point, 55 percent of individuals treated by the NTA were receiving methadone maintenance therapy, 20 percent were in outpatient methadone-based detoxification, and an additional 25 percent were abstinent. DuPont, “Heroin Addiction and Crime,” 92.

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54. Ibid., 145.

55. Ibid., 150.

56. Ibid., 151.

57. For an analysis of the spatial and social dimensions of heroin abuse in inner cities, see Schneider, Smack. For DuPont’s use of the epidemic metaphor, see, for instance, DuPont, “Coming to Grips,” and DuPont, “Profile of an Epidemic.”

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73. Musto and Korsmeyer, Quest for Drug Control, 81.

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86. Ibid., 171; Egil Krogh, “Heroin Politics and Policy under President Nixon,” in Musto, One Hundred Years of Heroin, 42.

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101. AMA Council on Mental Health, “Narcotics and Medical Practice: Medical Use of Morphine and Morphine-like Drugs and Management of Persons Dependent on Them,” Journal of the American Medical Association 214, no. 4 (1971): 583.

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104. Courtwright, Dark Paradise, 173.

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107. Frydl, The Drug Wars, 342–43; Joe Ritchie, “City Drug Unit Fears Budget Cuts: Number of Addicts Treated Is Rising, NTA Officials Say,” Washington Post, 17 February 1976, B2.

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