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Bettini, Maurizio
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Short, William Michael
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The World through Roman Eyes.
Article contents
The Inauguration of Numa
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 September 2012
Extract
Livy i, 18, 6, describing the accession of the second King of Rome, provides food for much thought on the part of those who are interested in the religious ideas of early Italy, and gives us the material for a brisk controversy which is far from being settled. Despite therefore the familiar contents of this passage, I quote the part of it which is most important for our purpose.
Accitus … de se quoque deos consuli iussit. inde ab augure, cui deinde honoris ergo publicum id perpetuumque sacerdotium fuit, deductus in arcem, in lapide ad meridiem uersus consedit. augur ad laeuam eius … dextras ad meridiem partes, laeuas ad septentrionem esse dixit.
Numa then is facing south ; the augur is facing east. Both are engaged in the same important ceremony. Why do they not look the same way, but at right angles to each other, and what is the significance of their respective attitudes ?
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References
page 82 note 1 Etymol. xv, 4, 7.
page 83 note 1 Antiquit. Rom. ii, 5, 2–3.
page 83 note 2 Quaestiones Romanae 78.
page 83 note 3 Ps.-Plut, De plac. philos. ii, 888 b.
page 83 note 4 Fasti iv, 776.
page 83 note 5 De diuinatione i, 31.
page 83 note 6 De ling, Lat. vii, 7.
page 83 note 7 P. 276 Th., 220 M.
page 84 note 1 Gromatici, p. 29, 4, Lachmann. Hyginus p. 169. 14 sqq. merely repeats Frontinus, adding, postea placuit omnem religionem eo conuertere ex qua parte caeli terra inluminatur. That the land surveyor's templum was a different thing from the augur's (Wissowa, art. Augures, in Pauly-Wissowa ii, 2339) seems to me a groundless idea.
page 84 note 2 See J.R.A.I., 1922, p. 135.
page 85 note 1 Eurip. Frag. 781, 11, Nauck.
page 85 note 2 Verg. Georg. i, 5 sqq.
page 85 note 3 Gromatici p. 31, 4 sqq.; multi mobilem soils ortum et occasum secuti uariarunt banc rationem. Cf. Hyginus, ibid, 170; multi ignorantes mundi rationem solem sunt seeuti, hoc est ortum et occasum … posita auspicaliter groma … in utramque partem limites emiserunt, quibus kardo in horam sextam non conuenerit.
page 85 note 4 See especially Plaut. Curc. 69; Pliny N.H. xxviii, 25 (the most explicit for the direction and extent of the turn); Val. Flaccus, Argon, viii, 246, which shows that the same gesture was used in the marriage ceremony; the group of passages referring to Camillus (Livy v, 21, 16; Plut, Camill. 5, which probablv draws upon Livy; Dion. Hal. Antiq. Rom. xii, 16, 2-4); Plut. Numa 14, cf. Quaest. Rom. 25, ad fin.
page 86 note 1 Platner, Ancient Rome, p. 298; Martha, L'art étrusque, p. 261.
page 86 note 2 Müller-Deecke, , Die Etrusker, ii, p. 163Google Scholar. See further my articles, J.R.A.I. l.c. p. 135; Class. Rev. 1920, p. 146.
page 86 note 3 Cicero, , De offic. iii, 66Google Scholar.
page 86 note 4 Stone and Bronze Ages in Italy, p. 341.
page 87 note 1 Pp. 502, 339.
page 87 note 2 Hist, de la divination dans l'antiquité, iv, p. 188.
page 88 note 1 Livy was born B.C. 59; Juba was brought to Rome as a baby B.C. 46; Dionysios came to Rome, apparently not a very young man, in 29 B.C.
page 88 note 2 Op. cit. 2341.
page 89 note 1 De legg. vi, 760 d.
page 89 note 2 E.g. if an unlucky bird, such as a screech-owl, was seen to the left or west, might that not mean that ill-luck was setting or weakening, and there-fore be equivalent to a good omen? If Plautus, Asin. 259–60, is to be taken seriously and refers to Roman ritual, we get the corresponding phenomenon there; some birds are lucky when in the direction opposite to the normally lucky one, i.e. right instead of left.
page 89 note 3 See Collini, G. A. in Bull, di pal. italiana, Ser. iv, t. ix (1913), p. 19 sqq.Google Scholar
page 90 note 1 I owe my information to the learning and courtesy of a Welsh colleague, Mr. Timothy Lewis.
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