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Inscribed Fragments of Stagshorn from North Italy1
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 September 2012
Extract
In November, 1912, a carpenter, searching amongst the débris which had been precipitated from the top of a hill overlooking the country district of Magrè into the limestone quarries at its foot, discovered a fragment of a lead pig and four pieces of stagshorn with short inscriptions in an early Italic alphabet. The find was in due course reported to the officials in charge of antiquities coming to light in the province in which Magrè is situated, and careful excavations were made during the same month, resulting in the discovery of the other inscribed fragments of horn, which, with the four first found, form the subject of this article. These objects are now preserved in the Museo Nazionale at Este, where, at the suggestion of Professor R. S. Conway, I examined them at the end of March, 1922, and made a transcript of the text, which, it is expected, will later be published in Part II of Professor Conway's forthcoming Pre-Italic Dialects of Italy.
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- Copyright © J. Whatmough 1921. Exclusive Licence to Publish: The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies
References
2 Pp. 169 sqq. I take this opportunity of acknowledging my obligations to Pellegrini's article.
page 246 note 1 Figured l.c. p. 173.
page 248 note 1 These figures, from my own drawings made at Este and compared afterwards with Pellegrini's figures, are not intended to be accurate facsimiles of the inscriptions, but merely to give a clear idea of the general appearance of the horns and of the forms of the letters of the inscriptions.
page 249 note 1 Altitalische Forschungen, III (Die Veneter). Compare also ib. 15-17, small bronze plates with the symbols 
, respectively, with Pellegrini (5, 6, 19) 
.
page 249 note 2 For Rehtia (unknown to Pauly-Wissowa!) see Conway, . Journ. Roy. Anthr. Inst. vol. 46 (1916), pp. 221Google Scholar sqq. and a paper by the present writer in the same Journal, vol. 52 (1922, printed 1923) pp. 212 sqq.
page 249 note 3 For stagshorns used as amulets, in both modern and ancient Italy, see Bellucci, , Il Feticismo primitivo in Italia (Perugia, 1919), p. 33Google Scholar.
page 250 note 1 In a footnote to a paper in which I have discussed at length the linguistic problem presented by the inscriptions: see Classical Quarterly, April, 1923. This paper, which is accompanied by my transcription of the texts, deals also with the alphabet of the inscriptions and the question to what people and language they are to be assigned; its main contention, that the language is partly, at all events, Indo-European in character, has been accepted by Professor Conway.
page 250 note 2 rit-for 
beside 
cf. Βριτόμαρτις i.e. Fριτόμαρτις beside ”Αρτεμις. (Cf. Laistner Räts. d. Sph.2, 434 sqq. cited by Gruppe. Gr. Myth.2, 1267, n. 2). For Britomartis worshipped in the north (Dalmatid), cf. Claud, de cons. Stil. quoted by Wissowa R.K.ed. 2, p. 252.
page 250 note 3 Warde Fowler R.F. pp. 199 sq. which seems to me more likely to be right than R.E.p. 235, where Sir James Frazer's view of the cult at Nemi is somewhat uncritically accepted in toto. See Ridgeway's criticisms, Dramas and Dramatic Dances, pp. 13 sq.
page 251 note 1 Conway I.D.175.
page 251 note 2 I may perhaps venture to make this comparison the basis of another, viz. of the ‘woodland’ deity (nemorensis and tifatina, see Fest. p. 503 L—Wissowa R.K. ed. 2, p. 247, and nn. 4, 6, 7, collects the evidence for the connexion of Diana with groves and woods—add C.I.L. vi, 124) with the Oscan 
i.e. ‘lignodici geniali’ (so Conway in Hastings ERE. art. Italy: Ancient Religion).
page 251 note 3 For this and other features of Rehtia, see my paper referred to above.
page 251 note 4 See Orth in Pauly-Wissowa (viii. 1945-7) s.v. Hirsch, Wernicke, ib. (ii. 1344, 1378, 1436) s.v. Artemis for fuller detail, and for the ancient authorities.
page 251 note 5 Middleton Ancient Gems, plate I no. 19 (not noticed by Wernicke, full as his account is).
page 251 note 6 Livy, 10, 27, 9, cf. Festus, pp. 49, 460 L.
page 251 note 7 Met. 12,266 (Orth l.c. 194S adds other references).
page 251 note 8 Livy 1, 45,4, Plut. Q.R. 4.
page 252 note 1 See Orth and Wernicke, ll. cc.
page 252 note 2 Mr. Cook, A. B. (Zeus, vol. ii, p. 421,Google Scholar n. 7, cf. p. 395, n. 2—a reference which I owe to Mr. Cook's kindness) sees a connexion between Fορθία and the name of the Virbius who was associated with Diana at Nemi; but this seems doubtful.
page 252 note 3 5,215.
page 252 note 4 For detailed evidence see Wernicke s.v. Artemis in Pauly-Wissowa (vii. Kultstätten).
page 252 note 5 Diana too was connected in legend with a tribe of northern origin, the Sabines (Livy 1, 45; cf. Varro LL. 5, 74) and also identified with the Sabine goddess Vacuna (Conway, I.D. i, p. 358)Google Scholar. Conway's and Ridgeway's view of the ethnic connexions of the Sabines I accept as proved.
page 252 note 6 5, 7.
page 253 note 1 Cf. Ridgeway, , Early Age of Greece, i, p. 360Google Scholar.
page 253 note 2 7, 18, 8 sqq.
page 253 note 3 Jullian, . Hist, de la Gaule, ii (1921), pp. 102Google Scholar sq. 158 sq. (the chief ancient references are Caes. B.G. 6, 16, 4-5; Strabo 4, 197). Compare also Artemis' hecatomb of asses (Wernicke l.c. p. 1376).