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The Copy of Diocletian's Edict on Maximum Prices From Aphrodisias in Caria

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 September 2012

Kenan T. Erim  and
Joyce Reynolds
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Extract

Aphrodisias in Caria had already yielded a number of fragments of the Latin text of Diocletian's Edict on Prices by the early years of this century, and others, some of them very important, came to light during the brief Italian investigations conducted by G. Jacopi in 1937. The excavations initiated in 1961 by New York University under the direction of K. T. Erim have yielded in the course of their annual campaigns a considerable number of new pieces. Although more fragments will undoubtedly come to light in future seasons as work proceeds, it seems appropriate that the group so far discovered should be published. All of these pieces have been made available to Professor S. Lauffer for use in his consolidated edition of the text of the Edict as known at present; nevertheless, we consider it our duty to publish the new material from Aphrodisias separately and in full; we do so here and offer such comments on it as we can.

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Articles
Information
The Journal of Roman Studies , Volume 60 , Issue 1 , November 1970 , pp. 120 - 141
Copyright
Copyright ©Kenan T. Erim and Joyce Reynolds 1970. Exclusive Licence to Publish: The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies

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References

* Our debt to those on whose assistance we have drawn is very heavy. We are especially grateful to Prof. S. Lauffer for his generosity; we have also had the help of our colleagues Mr. R. G. G. Coleman, Mr. Michael Crawford, Mr. Richard Duncan-Jones, Mr. M. K. Hopkins, Mr. W. H. Plommer of Cambridge, the Librarian of the Botanical Gardens in the University of Cambridge, Mr. R. Meiggs of Oxford and Mr. K. D. White of Reading, as well as from Mr. Feakes of Cyril Ridgeon and Son, Builders' Merchants, of Cambridge. Moreover, the contributions of Mr. Ballance and Mr. Wild have not been confined to the notes that they have written. Even with their help we do not claim to have done full justice to the complex material we present.

1 Jacopi, G., Monumenti Antichi XXXVIII (1939), col. 73 f.Google Scholar

2 For the portico see Jacopi, l.c., col. 81 f.; the large rectangular area which it surrounds, as well as an adjacent portico slightly to the north-east, very probably form the Agora of the city.

3 Jacopi, l.c., cols. 202 f. and 231–2; see also p. 137 below.

4 Guarducci, M., Rend. Pont. Acc. Arch. XVI (1940), 11 f.Google Scholar; Bull. Mus. Imp. Rom. XIX (1940), 35 f.

5 Jacopi, l.c., col. 204 f., see also pl. XXXVIII, b; Jacopi wrongly reported the top as broken and without moulding.

6 Contrast pls. X, I and XI, 3. Jacopi's view, that a change was made because the concluding panel had been reached, presents difficulties which are not entirely met, we think, by Degrassi, A., Riv. Fil. LXVIII (1940), 139 f.Google Scholar

7 Two fragments, Jacopi 2 and one new fragment, see p. 139 below, show moulding on the back as well as on the front face of the panel, which suggests a free standing monument.

8 See pl. IX, 1.

9 See pl. XI, 3.

10 Der Maximaltarif des Diokletian (Berlin, 1893, reissued 1958); Frank, Tenney, ESAR V, 307 f.Google Scholar

11 See above.

12 Maximaltarif 59, cf. Mommsen, , Hermes XXV (1890), 25.Google Scholar

13 Bingen, J., Chron. d'Ég. LXXIX (1965), 206Google Scholar; Callu, J.-P., La Politique monétaire des empereurs romains (Paris, 1969), 358Google Scholar, n. 6.

14 The Later Roman Empire (Oxford, 1964), 438.

15 Roman Imperial Coinage VI (London, 1967), 93 f.

16 Gnomon XLI (1969), 679 f.

17 J.-P. Callu, l.c., in n. 13; 362, n. 1.

18 See my Textile Manufacture in the Northern Roman Provinces (1970), 23, 79–80.

19 For an attempt to identify these dyes see Blümner, o.c., 164–7; Forbes, R. J., Studies in Ancient Technology IV (1956), 100 ff.Google Scholar

20 ‘The tarsikarios, a Roman Linen-Weaver in Egypt’, Hommages à M. Renard II (1969), 810–19.

21 For representations, see Delbrueck, R., Die Consulardiptychen und verwandte Denkmäler (1929), 33Google Scholar; Wilpert, G., I Sarcofagi cristiani antichi I (1929)Google Scholar, Tav. CVII.

22 Graser's XXIX, 5 ff. (Latin) is her XXIX, 17 ff. (Greek).

23 JRS XLV (1955), III.

24 For military clothing, the clothing levy and the gynaecea see Latomus XXVI (1967), 655, 661.

25 JRS XLV (1955), III (XXII, 3, 10); JRS XLII (1952), 72 (XIX, 8).

26 A rare loan-word in Latin: CIL XII, 354.

27 For the gender, see Latomus XXIII (1964), 534.

28 The term places it firmly in XXVIII, but the last two lines contain a prescription on weight, perhaps the closing lines of the chapter (cf. XXIX, 49).

29 TLL s.v.; Isid., Orig. XIX, 26.

30 But cervical was often transliterated, see P. Ox. 921, 9–10, 20 (third century).

31 Wipszycka, E., L'Industrie textile dans l'Egypte romaine (1965), 120Google Scholar; for Gallic culcitae, Pliny, , NH XIX, 13.Google Scholar

32 JRS XLV (1955), III.

33 A. Walde and J. B. Hofmann, Lateinisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (1938), s.v.

34 P. Mich. 468, 10–11: sabana par unum; cf. P. Mil. Vogl. 66, 8; 152, 11, 44.

35 We are indebted to the Editors of the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae for references to sabanum.

36 Isid., Orig. XIX, 26, 7; Hist. Apoll. Tyr. 13; Marc. Emp. 5, 1 ; 7, 17; 15, 93.

37 Veg., Mulomed. v, 46, 11.

38 Apic. VI, 215, 237, 239; VII, 276; VIII, 376; Palladius VII, 7, 3.

39 Greg. Magnus, , Dial. 3, 17.Google Scholar

40 P. Mich. 468, 10-11; Wessely, C., SPP III (1904), Nr. 83, 4Google Scholar; P. Ox. 1843, 19.

41 Bullettino della Commissione Archeologica comunale di Roma LXV (1937), 73 ff.

42 Wild, , Textile Manufacture 94–6, 112Google Scholar (York, Trier); new finds (1969) from Dorchester, Dorset (unpublished).

43 Pliny, , NH XIX, 8Google Scholar; CIL XIII, 1995, 1998; Notitia Dig. Occ. xi, 62.

44 We are grateful for information on this point to the Editors of TLL.

45 Vulg. Act. XII, 4; Mart. Cap. VII, 767, 778, 789; Isid., Orig. XVIII, 65.

46 Paul. Fest. 61

47 Paul. Fest. 61; CIL XIII, 1928; XIV, 2213; CIL XI, 3936.

48 Aug., Civ. Dei XIV, 17.

49 cf. Pliny, , NH XXIX, 134.Google Scholar

50 Wild, Textile Manufacture 20.

51 Isid., Orig. XIX, 26, 6.

52 cf. Vergil, , Georg. IV, 377.Google Scholar

53 From Bonn (1963): Das Rheinische Landesmuseum Bonn 1966, 38 (plate).

54 Sid. Apoll., Epist. v, 17, 8.

55 Blümner's XXIX, 5–10 (Latin fragment from Halicarnassus) is the same as his XXIX, 16–22 (Greek from Megara). His XXIX, 12–15, is XXIX, 32–4, as Graser noted; Prof. Lauffer doubts this.

56 Strictoria with bands of blatta-dyed wool. This is likely to have been the first line of the chapter; but there might have been a previous section listing more expensive strictoriae corresponding to the more expensive dalmaticae below.

57 Since linen yarn is difficult to dye successfully, the decoration woven into Roman linen shirts was normally of wool, as finds from Egypt show.

58 For facialia see Blümner, o.c, 171; TLL s.v.; cf. in P. Ox. 921, 11–12.

59 See Macpherson's, discussion in JRS XLII (1952), 74.Google Scholar

60 ibid., 72, Col. B, 14–15.

61 Guarducci, M., Bullettino del Museo dell'Impero Romano XI, 1940, 35 ff.Google Scholar

62 Meredith, D., Journ. Egypt. Arch. XXXVIII, 1952, 107 f.Google Scholar; Kraus, Th., Röder, J. and Müller-Wiener, W., Mitt. d. A.I., Abt. Kairo XXII (1967), 108 f.Google Scholar

63 Grierson, P., Dumbarton Oaks Papers XVI, 1962, 39–44.Google Scholar

64 SirEvans, Arthur, Palace of Minos III, 268 ff.Google Scholar

65 Pliny, , NH XXXVI, 49.Google Scholar

66 CIL VIII, 14,600. The quarries were described at length by Cagnat, R., Archives des Missions Scientifiques, ser. 3, XI, 100 f.Google Scholar, and Nouvelles explorations en Tunisie, 97 ff.

67 PBSR XXXIV, 1966, 79 ff.

68 NH XXXVI, 63.

69 Stat., Silv. 11, 2, 86; IV, 2, 27.

70 e.g. in the Severan Basilica at Lepcis Magna, at Split and at Rome in the Baths of Diocletian (S. Maria degli Angeli).

71 D. Meredith, o.c. (above n. 62), 101 f., 109 f.; also Journ. Egypt. Arch. XXXIX, 1953, 105, n. 7. Kraus, , Röder, and Müller-Wiener, , Mitt. d. A.I., Abt. Kairo XVIII (1962), 80 f.Google Scholar and art. cit. (n. 62).

72 Squarciapino, M., La Scuola di Afrodisia, Rome, 1943Google Scholar, passim.

73 XXXVIII, 1963, 564–572.

74 1923, 112 ff.

75 Gnoli, R., Parola del Passato XXI, 1966, 49Google Scholar; W. Ruge in RE, s.v. Gallos (3).

76 Gnoli, ibid. 52 f.