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Smokers who do not quit: Can the precaution adoption process model help identify hard-core smokers?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 October 2019

Tanya Buchanan Open the ORCID record for Tanya Buchanan [Opens in a new window] ,
Christopher A. Magee  and
Peter J. Kelly
Tanya Buchanan*
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
Christopher A. Magee
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
Peter J. Kelly
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
*
Author for correspondence: Tanya Buchanan, E-mail: tpb996@uowmail.edu.au
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Abstract

Introduction

Hard-core smokers have been identified as a potential public health challenge. The trans-theoretical model lacks the specificity to identify hard-core smokers. The precaution adoption process model (PAPM) is a stage-based behaviour change model which includes ‘no intent to quit’ as a distinct stage and so may be useful in identifying hard-core smokers.

Aims

The aim of this study was to apply the PAPM to a community based sample of smokers to determine whether it provides a useful approach to identifying hard-core smokers.

Methods

We surveyed smokers in Australia who were recruited through social media and an online data collection agency.

Results

The sample included 336 current smokers, 11.9% were in Stage 4 of the PAPM – i.e. had decided not to quit. Stage 4 smokers are more resistant to quitting and marked by their similarities to hard-core smokers. This is further amplified when addressing Stage 4 smokers with no previous quit attempt.

Conclusions

Stage 4 smokers with no previous quit attempts are aligned with a hard-core smoker profile with higher levels of nicotine dependence, greater cigarette consumption and low socio-economic status. Further research is required to determine if PAPM is a valid predictive model for identifying hard-core smokers in clinical practice.

Keywords

Hard-core smokersprecaution adoption process
Type
Original Articles
Information
Journal of Smoking Cessation , Volume 15 , Issue 1 , March 2020 , pp. 6 - 13
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2019 Published by Cambridge University Press

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