¹ See Social Scientific Research in Northern Thailand [Bangkok: Department of Public Welfare, Ministry of the Interior, Royal Thai Government, Bulletin No. 1 (1967) of the Tribal Research Centre]Google Scholar and Social Science and Related Research in Northern Thailand [Bangkok: Department of Public Welfare, Ministry of the Interior, Royal Thai Government, Bulletin No. 2 (ca. 1971) of the Tribal Research Centre, Chiang Mai]Google Scholar.

² For example Clark Cunningham's work on the Lisu (unfortunately terminated by illness), a part of his wider research project “Medical Practices in Southeast Asia and Technological Change” (see Social Scientific Research, p. 16); David Feingold's study of “the decision-making process in Akha village society” and Peter Kunstadter's research on “the relationship between migration and health” among Lua' and Karen communities (see Social Science and Related Research, pp. 16, 22–23).

³ Leach, Edmund R., Political Systems of Highland Burma: A Study of Kachin Social Structure (London: G. Bell & Sons, 1954)Google Scholar.

⁴ Wellington (N.Z.): R.E. Owen, Government Printer, 1966.

⁵ Princeton: Center for International Studies, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, 1965 (Research Monograph no. 21). See also his “Residential and Social Organization of the Lawa of Northern Thailand”, Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 22 (1966): 61–84CrossRefGoogle Scholar; “Living with Thailand's Gentle Lua”, National Geographic Magazine 130, no. 1 (07, 1966): 122–52Google Scholar; “The Lua' and Skaw Karen of Maehongson Province, Northwestern Thailand”, in Southeast Asian Tribes, Minorities, and Nations, ed. Kunstadter, Peter (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1967), pp. 639–74Google Scholar; and “Hill and Valley Populations in North Thailand”, in Tribesmen and Peasants in North Thailand, ed. Hinton, Peter (Chiang Mai: Tribal Research Centre), p. 85Google Scholar.

⁶ Respectively, Ph.D., University of Michigan, 1965, and Ph.D., Cornell University, 1967. Both Hamilton and Jones had begun to publish some of their research findings prior to 1969; see Hamilton, , “Effects of the Thai Market on Karen Life”, Practical Anthropology 10 (1963): 209–215CrossRefGoogle Scholar and Jones, , “The Multivillage Community: Village Segmentation and Coalescence in Northern Thailand”, Behavior Science Notes 3 (1968): 149–74CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁷ Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University (Southeast Asia Program Data Paper no. 58).

⁸ Proceedings of the First Symposium of the Tribal Research Centre, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 1967.

⁹ Hanks, Lucien M., Hanks, Jane R., Sharp, Lauriston and Sharp, Ruth B., A Report on the Tribal Peoples in Chiengrai Province North of the Mae Kok River (Bangkok: Data Paper no. 1, The Siam Society)Google Scholar. For an updated version, see Hanks, Lucien M., “A Socio-economic Survey of Regions in Chiang Rai and Chiang Mai Provinces North of the Mae Kok River with Special Reference to the Uplands, 1964–74”, in The Burma-Thailand Frontier Over Sixteen Decades: Three Descriptive Documents, ed. Wilson, Constance M. and Hanks, Lucien M., Monographs in International Studies, Southeast Asia Series no. 70 (Athens, Ohio: Center for International Studies, Ohio University, 1985), pp. 63–120Google Scholar.

¹⁰ Bangkok: States Operations Mission to Thailand, 1961. Second edn.; Bangkok: The Siam Society, 1962.

¹¹ Bangkok: Khun Aroon, 1963. Second revised edn.; Bangkok: Odeon Store Ltd., 1966.

¹² Bangkok: The Dept. of Public Welfare, Ministry of the Interior, Royal Thai Government. In Thai and English.

¹³ Bangkok: Ministry of the Interior, Royal Thai Government. In Thai and English.

¹⁴ Bangkok: Government House Printing Office.

¹⁵ Bangkok, 1969.

¹⁶ Bangkok: The South-East Asian Treaty Organization, 1963. Mimeographed. Published edition (unrevised), Bangkok: South-East Asia Treaty Organization, 1970.

¹⁷ Chicago: Moody Press, p. 20.

¹⁸ Bangkok: Uthay.

¹⁹ Bangkok: Odeon Store.

²⁰ Innsbruck: Wagnerische Universitäts Buchdrückerei. English translation, by Nagler, Alois, Akha and Miao: Problems of Applied Ethnography in Farther India (New Haven: Human Relations Area Files, 1970)Google Scholar. See also Parts 2 (on the Phi Tong Luang) and 3 (on “North Siamese Mountain Tribes”) of his ethnographic travel book, Die Geister der Gelben Blätter (Munich: F. Bruckman, 1938)Google Scholar, translated by Dickes, E.W. as The Spirits of the Yellow Leaves (London: Robert Hale, 1958)Google Scholar.

²¹ With a Foreword by General Sir Gerald Templer (Kuala Lumpur: Government Press).

²² Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kementerian Pelajaran, Persekutuan Tanah Melayu.

²³ New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

²⁴ “Temiar Social Groupings”, Federation Museums Journal (n.s.) 11 (1966): 1–23Google Scholar; and “Temiar Kinship”, Federation Museums Journal (n.s.) 12 (1967): 1–25Google Scholar; see also his “Temiar Personal Names”, Bijdragen Tot de Taal, Land- en Volkenkunde 124 (1968), pp. 99–134CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

²⁶ Urbana: University of Illinois Press (Illinois Studies in Anthropology No. 3).

²⁷ Paris: Centre de documentation et de recherches sur l'Asie du sud-est et le monde insulindien (Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique). See also his L'initiation du mort chez les Hmong, or the English translation by White, Kenneth, Kr'ua Ke (Showing the Way): A Hmong Initiation of the Dead. (Both editions, Bangkok: Pandora, 1983.)Google Scholar

²⁸ Vientiane: Editions Siaosavath.

²⁹ Vientiane: Editions Vithagna.

³⁰ Hanoi: The Gioi Publishers, 1993, pp. 246–60.

³¹ Hanoi: Viện Khoa Học Xā Hội Việt Nam [National Centre for Social Sciences of Vietnam], 1992.

³² Were I to begin even a preliminary listing of these volumes, this footnote would probably stretch beyond the total allocated length for my whole contribution! Let me report only that, since 1981, eight fulllength books have appeared on the history, ethnography and folklore of the Lahu people alone, viz. (1) Enchang, Song and Shuwu, Wang (eds.), Lahu Zu Shehui Lishi 2 [A Social History of the Lahu People, Vol. 2] (Kunming: Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe [Yunnan People's Publishing House], 1981)Google Scholar; (2) Enchang, Song, Hongbao, Xu, Yiqun, Ma and Sijiu, Yan (eds.), Lahu Zu Shehui Lishi 1 [A Social History of the Lahu People, Vol. 1] (Kunming: Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe [Yunnan People's Publishing House], 1982)Google Scholar; (3) Lie Hu de Minzu: Lahu Zu Fengqing [The Tiger-hunting Nationality: Folk Customs of the Lahu People] (Simao: Diqü Qunzhong Yishu Guan [People's Cultural Centre of Simao Prefecture] and Lancang Lahu Zu Zizhi Xian Wenhua Guan [Cultural Centre of the Lancang Lahu Autonomous County], n.d. [1984?])Google Scholar; (4) Jiongguang, Chen, Guanghua, Li, et al. (eds.), Lahu Zu Jian Shi [A Brief History of the Lahu Nationality] (Kunming: Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe [Yunnan People's Publishing House], 1986)Google Scholar; (5) Huihao, Liu (ed.), Lahu Zu Minjian fVenxue Jicheng [An Anthology of the Folk Literature of the Lahu Nationality] (Beijing: Zhongguo Minjian Wenyi Chubanshe [China Folk Literature and Arts Press], 1988)Google Scholar; (6) Jiaji, Guo, Yonggan de Lie Hu Minzu [The Brave Tiger-hunting Nationality] (Kunming: Yunnan Shaonian Ertong Chubanshe [Yunnan Children's Publishing House], 1991)Google Scholar; (7) Lahu Zu Shi: Lunwen Zhuanji [Lahu Nationality History: A Symposium] (Lancang [Menglangba]: Lancang Xian Lahu Zu Shi Biancuan Weiyuanhui [Lancang County Editorial Committee on Lahu History], 1991)Google Scholar; (8) Simao Lahu Zu Chuantong Wenhua Diaocha [Investigative Reports on the Traditional Culture of the Lahu People in Simao] (Kunming: Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe [Yunnan People's Publishing House] for Simao Xingshu Minzu Shiwu Weiyuanhui Bian [The Nationalities Commission of Simao Prefecture], 1993)Google Scholar. There are several more in press, and many dozens of chapters, encyclopaedia entries, journal articles and contributions to newspapers and magazines. Moreover, there is one whole book devoted to Lahu dance, namely Jin, Chen (ed.), Yunnan Minzu Minjian Wudao Jicheng Congshu: Lahu Zu Minjian Wudao [Series on Folk Dances of the Minority Peoples in Yunnan: The Folk Dancing of the Lahu Nationality] (Kunming: Yunnan Minzu Chubanshe [Yunnan Nationalities Press], 1993)Google Scholar; a book on Lahu herbal medicines, Lahu Zu Chang Yong Yao [Herbal Medicines of the Lahu] (Kunming: Yunnan Minzu Chubanshe [Yunnan Nationalities Press] for Simao Diqu Minzu Chuantong Yiyao Yanjiu Suo [Research Institute for Ethnic Medicine of Simao Prefecture], 1987)Google Scholar; one on Lahu language, Hong-en, Chang, Zhongguo Shasoshu Minzu Yuyan Man Zhi Congshw Lahu Yu Man Zhi [Series on the Minority Languages of China: A Brief History of the Lahu Language] (Beijing: Minzu Chubanshe [Nationalities Publishing House], 1986)Google Scholar and another, a two-volume atlas of Lahu dialects, namely Youjiang, Jin, Zhongguo Lahu Yu Fanyan Ditu ji [The Atlas of Lahu Dialects in China] (Tianjin: Tianjin Shehui Kexueyuan Chubanshe [Tianjin Social Science Academy Press], 1992)Google Scholar.

³³ Cambridge, Mass.: Stockman.

³⁴ Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press.

³⁵ Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.

³⁶ Oxford: The Clarendon Press (Oxford Monographs on Social Anthropology).

³⁷ Urbana: University of Illinois Press (Illinois Studies in Anthropology no. 11).

³⁸ Arlington Heights, 111.: AHM Publishing Corp.

³⁹ Quezon City: New Day Publishers.

⁴⁰ Stanford: Stanford University Press.

⁴¹ Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

⁴² Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

⁴³ Diliman, Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press.

⁴⁴ Urbana: University of Illinois Press (Illinois Studies in Anthropology no. 16).

⁴⁵ Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.

⁴⁶ Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press.

⁴⁷ Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.

⁴⁸ Ann Arbor: University of Michigan (Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Anthropological Papers no. 80).

⁴⁹ To whet the interested reader's appetite (and lead him or her to more detailed listings of the relevant literature), the following are some of the available materials: (a) on general government intervention and civic action programmes, see The Civic Action Program of the Border Patrol Police and the USOM Public Safety Division (Bangkok: Communications Media Division, Thai-American Audiovisual Service, 1963)Google Scholar; Chankrachang, Chira, “The Hill Tribes of Thailand and Prospects for Education” (Ed.D., University of Northern Colorado, 1976)Google Scholar; Suwanbubpa, Aran, Hill Tribe Development and Welfare Programmes in Northern Thailand (Singapore: Regional Institute of Higher Education and Development, 1976)Google Scholar; Hickey, Gerald C. and Wright, Jesse, “The Hill People of Northern Thailand: Social and Economic Development” (Chiang Mai: typescript report, 1978)Google Scholar; Tapp, Nicholas, “Thailand Government Policy Towards the Hill-Dwelling Minority Peoples in the North of Thailand, 1959–1976” (M.A. thesis, London University, School of Oriental and African Studies, 1979)Google Scholar; General Kerdphol, Saiyud The Struggle for Thailand: Counterinsurgency 1965–1985 (Bangkok: S. Research Co., 1986: Ch. 3Google Scholar, “Revolt in the North”, pp. 53–68, and Ch. 6, “The Minority Question”, pp. 97–112); Walker, Anthony R., “Highlanders and Government in North Thailand”, Folk 21–22 (1979/1980): 419–49Google Scholar; McNabb, Scott F., “The Hill Areas Education Project of Northern Thailand: Constraints and Prospects for Hill Tribe Participation”, Crossroads 1, no. 2 (1983): 17–29Google Scholar; A Socio-cultural Study of the Impact of Social Development Programs on Tribal Women and Children (Chiang Mai: Tribal Research Institute, 1985)Google Scholar; (i) On the Road Called HAE, (ii) The Answers are in the Villages: An Extensive Series of Anecdotes and Case Studies of What Really Happened (and Didn't Happen), and Why in HAW Villages, (iii) Learning Together, Building a Better Community, and (iv) The Hill Areas Education Model: The “Ashram” Approach to Community Education Development [Lampang: The Hill Areas Education (HAE) Project, Northern Region Nonformal Education Centre, 1986]Google Scholar; Renard, Ronald D., et al. A Study of Karen Student Mobility to Northern Thai Cities: Direction, Problems, Suggested Courses of Action [Chiang Mai: Payap Research Center Report no. 20 (1987)]Google Scholar; Wongsprasert, Sanit, “Impact of the Dhammacarilk Bhikkhus' Programme on the Hill Tribes of Thailand”, in Ethnic Conflict in Buddhist Societies: Sri Lanka, Thailand and Burma, ed. de Silva, K.M., et al. (London: Pinter Publishers, 1988), pp. 126–37Google Scholar; (b) on opium production, trade and addiction, see UN/Thai Programme for Drug Abuse Control in Thailand: Progress Report No. 3 (Geneva: United Nations Organization, Division of Narcotic Drugs); Geddes, W.R., “The Opium Problem in North Thailand”, in Studies of Contemporary Thailand, ed. Ho, Robert and Chapman, E.C., Dept. of Human Geography Publication HG/8 (Canberra: Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, 1973), pp. 213–34Google Scholar; Chindarsi, Nusit and Raksachion, Tawee, “The Profitability of Opium for the Grower” [Chiang Mai: typescript report to the Royal Thai Government, UN Programme for Drug Abuse Control and Tribal Research Center (1976)]Google Scholar; Suwanwela, Charas, et al. (i) Health Status in Meo Village, Ban Meo Khun Wang (ii) Opium Addicts: A Retrospective Study of 1382 Patients, (iii) Socio-economic Realities and their Implications in the Treatment of Drug Dependent Persons, (iv) Overview of Drug Dependence Treatment in Thailand, (v) Primary Health Care in the Hill Tribe Villages (Bangkok: Inst. of Health Research, Chulalongkorn University, 1977–1978)Google Scholar and “The Hill Tribes of Thailand, their Opium Use and Addiction”, Bulletin on Narcotics 30, no. 2 (1978): 1–19Google ScholarPubMed; Williams, I.M.G., “UN/Thai Programme for Drug Abuse Control: A Report on Phase 1: February 1972–June 1979”, Bulletin on Narcotics 31, no. 2 (1979):1–44Google ScholarPubMed; Walker, Anthony R., “The Production and Use of Opium in the Northern Thai Uplands: An Introduction”, Contemporary Southeast Asia 2, no. 2 (1980): 135–54CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Worobec, Stephen F., “International Narcotics Control in the Golden Triangle of Southeast Asia” (Ph.D. diss., Claremont Graduate School, 1984)Google Scholar; Crooker, Richard A., “Opium Production in North Thailand: A Geographical Perspective” [Ph.D. diss., University of California, Riverside (1986)]Google Scholar; Wongsprasert, Snit and McKinnon, John, “Opium, Highlanders and Policy: A Case Study of Administrative Intervention in Chiang Mai” [Chiang Mai: Tribal Research Institute (1986)]Google Scholar;, typescript; McCoy, Alfred W., The Politics of Heroin: CIA Complicity in the Global Drug War (New York: Lawrence Hill Books, 1991)Google Scholar, relevant sections on Thailand; (c) on agricultural development, see Van Roy, Edward, Economic Systems of Northern Thailand (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1970)Google Scholar; HAMP: Thai/United Nations Highland Agricultural Marketing and Production Project (Bangkok: Office of the Narcotics Control Board, Office of the Prime Minister, n.d.)Google Scholar; Falvey, J. Linsey, (i) The Cattle Research Programme of the T.A.H.A.P.: A Summary [Chiang Mai: TAHAP (Thai-Australian Highland Agronomy Project), Chiang Mai University 1975]Google Scholar, (ii) Ruminants in the Highlands of Northern Thailand (Chiang Mai: TAHAP, Chiang Mai University, n.d.)Google Scholar, (iii) Cattle and Sheep in North Thailand (West Perth: MPW Rural Development, n.d.)Google Scholar; (iv) Population in Forest Communities Practising Shifting Cultivation, Thailand (Bangkok: Kasetsart University, Faculty of Forestry, 1980)Google Scholar; Ives, Jack D., et al. Conservation and Development in Northern Thailand: Proceedings of a Programmatic Workshop on Agro-forestry and Highland-lowland Interactive Systems, Held at Chiang Mai, Thailand, 13–17 November 1978 (Tokyo: The United Nations University, 1980)Google Scholar; Grandstaff, Terry B., Shifting Cultivation in Northern Thailand: Possibilities for Development, Resources Theory and Methodology Series no. 3 (Tokyo: United Nations University, 1980)Google Scholar; van der Meer, Cornelius L. J., Rural Development in Northern Thailand: An Interpretation and Analysis (Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit, 1981)Google Scholar; Thai-Australian Highland Agricultural Project: Final Report on Agricultural Research and Development in the Highlands of Northern Thailand, June 1981 (St. Lucia, Queensland: Department of Agriculture, 1981)Google Scholar; Buddee, Wallis F. (ed.), Thailand: Northern Upland Agriculture (Chiang Mai: Thai-Australia-World Bank Land Development Project, 1985)Google Scholar; Roberts, G. Lamar and Renard, Ronald D. (eds.), Data Requirements for Highland Farming Development: Proceedings of a Workshop Sponsored by The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations and the Payap Research Center, Payap University, 21–25 April 1986 (Chiang Mai: Payap Research Center, 1986)Google Scholar; and Schuber, Bernd, et al. Proposals for Farming Systems-orientated Crop Research of Wawi Highland Agricultural Research Station in Northern Thailand (Berlin: Technischen Universitt Berlin, 1986)Google Scholar.

⁵⁰ The initial consonant is unaspirated for Green Mong, but aspirated for White Hmong. In English language works “Hmong” is often the preferred spelling, whatever the division. Although this convention lacks linguistic precision, it certainly prevents unnecessary confusion, and so I shall adopt it here also.

⁵¹ Oxford: The Clarendon Press. See also his “Opium and the Miao: A Study in Ecologìcal Adjustment”, Oceania 41, no. 1: 1–11CrossRefGoogle Scholar and his fine ethnographic film The Miao Year (CRM McGraw Hill Films, 1971), 61 mins., colourGoogle Scholar.

⁵² The “Blue Miao” of the title is the common Thai name for these people, who call themselves Hmong Njua, literally “Green Hmong”. See Lyman's, Thomas A. publications on this matter, viz., “Note on the Name ‘Green Miao'”, Nachrichten: Zeitschrift für Kultur und Geschichte Ost- und Südostasiens 123 (1978): 82–87Google Scholar; “‘Free Mong’: An End to a Controversy”, Anthropological Linguistics 30, no. 1 (1988): 128–32Google Scholar; and “The Mong (Green Miao) and their Language”, Journal of the Siam Society 78, no. 2 (1980): 63–65Google Scholar.

⁵³ Singapore: Singapore University Press.

⁵⁴ Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS Occasional Paper No. 62). See also his “Dynamic Tension: Symbiosis and Contradiction in Hmong Social Relations”, in The New Economic Anthropology, ed. Clammer, John (London: Macmillan, 1978), pp. 138–75CrossRefGoogle Scholar; “Unity and Division in Hmong Social Categories in Thailand”, in Studies in ASEAN Sociology, ed. Chen, Peter and Evers, Hans-Dieter (Singapore: Chopmen Enterprises, 1978), pp. 297–320Google Scholar; “The Yao Jua Relationship: Patterns of Affinal Alliance and Residence among the Hmong of Northern Thailand”, Ethnology 18 (1979): 173–81CrossRefGoogle Scholar; and “Sexual Inequality among the Hmong”, in Highlanders of Thailand, ed. McKinnon, John and Bhruksasri, Wanat (Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1983), pp. 174–86Google Scholar.

⁵⁵ Cooper, , Patterns of Work Organization, p. 1Google Scholar.

⁵⁶ See his “The Tribal Research Centre, Thailand: An Account of Plans and Activities” in Southeast Asian Tribes, Minorities, and Nations, Vol. 2, ed. Kunstadter, Peter (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1967), pp. 533–81Google Scholar, and his “Research and the Tribal Research Centre”, in Highlanders of Thailand, ed. McKinnon, and Bhruksasri, , pp. 3–12Google Scholar.

⁵⁷ Bangkok: The Siam Society. See also his “Hmong Shamanism” in Highlanders of Thailand, ed. McKinnon, and Bhruksasri, , pp. 187–93Google Scholar.

⁵⁸ Washington: Advanced Research Projects Agency.

⁵⁹ Singapore: Oxford University Press. See also his booklet The Hmong of Thailand: Opium People of the Golden Triangle, Indigenous Peoples and Development series no. 4 (London: Anti-Slavery Society, 1986)Google Scholar; also “Buddhism among the Hmong: A Case Study in Social Adjustment”, Journal of Developing Societies 2 (1986): 68–88;Google Scholar “Hmong Religion”, Asian Folklore Studies 48, no. 1 (1989): 59–94CrossRefGoogle Scholar; “Political Participation among the Hmong of Thailand”, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Thai Studies, comp. Buller, Ann (Canberra: Australian National University, 1987), pp. 339–48Google Scholar; “Squatters or Refugees: Development and the Hmong”, in Ethnic Groups across National Boundaries in Mainland Southeast Asia, ed. Wijeyewardene, Gehan (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1990), pp. 149–72Google Scholar; and “The Impact of Missionary Christianity upon the Marginalized Ethnic Minorities: The Case of the Hmong”, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 20, no. 1 (1989): 70–95CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁶⁰ All three works published in Bangkok by Don Bosco Press.

⁶¹ Bangkok: White Lotus.

⁶² Chiang Mai: Hmong Center. Mimeographed.

⁶³ E.g. (since 1970) “Alternative Modes of Recruitment of Viable Households among the Yao of Mae Chan”, Southeast Asian Journal of Sociology (Singapore) 4 (1971): 43–52Google Scholar; “Yao (Iu Mien) Supernaturalism, Language, and Ethnicity”, in Changing Identities in Southeast Asia, ed. Banks, David J. (The Hague: Mouton, 1976), pp. 161–97CrossRefGoogle Scholar; and “Passing Through the Countries, the Years and Life”, in The Yao of South China: Recent International Studies, ed. Lemoine, Jacques and Chien, Chiao (Paris: Pangu, 1991), pp. 273–310Google Scholar.

⁶⁴ See also his “Yao Bride-Exchange, Matrifiliation and Adoption”, Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 128, no. 1 (1972): 99–117CrossRefGoogle Scholar; “Land, Labour and Kin Groups among Southeast Asian Shifting Cultivators”, Mankind 8 (1972): 185–97Google Scholar; “Prophylactic Medicine and Kin Units among Yao Ancestor Worshippers”, Mankind 9 (1973): 77–87Google Scholar [also published in Ancestors, ed. Newell, William H. (The Hague and Paris: Mouton, 1976), pp. 309–327]Google Scholar; “Some Demographic Implications of Regional Commerce: The Case of North Thailand's Yao Minority”, in Studies of Contemporary Thailand, ed. Ho, and Chapman, , pp. 253–72Google Scholar; “Yao Spirit Mediumship and Heredity versus Descent and Reincarnation in Pulangka”, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 13, no. 3 (1978): 428–43Google Scholar; and “Capitalism and the Structure of Yao Descent Units in China and Thailand: A Comparison of Youling (1938) and Pulangka (1968)”, in Ethnic Groups across National Boundaries, ed. Wijeyewardene, Gehan, pp. 134–48Google Scholar.

⁶⁵ Salaya: Mahidol University, Institute for Population and Social Research. See also Kacha-ananda's papers: “Le systeme de la famille Yao”, Journal of the Siam Society 60, no. 1 (1972): 187–94Google Scholar; “Yao: Migration, Settlements and Land”, in Highlanders of Thailand, ed. McKinnon, and Bhruksasri, , pp. 212–14Google Scholar; and “The Religious Life of the Yao People of Northern Thailand: Some Introductory Remarks”, Contributions to Southeast Asian Ethnography 4 (1986): 43–64Google Scholar [reprinted in The Highland Heritage: Collected Essays on Upland North Thailand, ed. Walker, Anthony R. (Singapore: Suvarnabhumi Books, 1992), pp. 293–314]Google Scholar.

⁶⁶ Assisted by Donald Gibson. (Bangkok: White Lotus). See also his “Un curieux point d'histoire: l'aventure maritime des Mien”, in Langues et techniques, nature et societé: Approche naturaliste (Paris, 1972), pp. 53–62Google Scholar; “Culte des ancetrês et réincarnation offensive”, L'Homme 13, no. 4 (1973): 147–50CrossRefGoogle Scholar; “Images Sacrés des Yao”, Connaissances des Arts (08, 1979)Google Scholar; “Yao Taoist Paintings”, Arts of Asia 11, no. 1 (1981): 61–71Google Scholar; “Yao Religion and Society”, in Highlanders of Thailand, ed. McKinnon, and Bhruksasri, , pp. 185–214Google Scholar; “The Bridge: An Essential Implement of Hmong and Yao Shamanism”, in Shaman's Path: Healing, Personal Growth and Empowerment, ed. Doore, Gary (Boston, Mass.: Shambhala, 1988), pp. 63–72Google Scholar; and “Yao Culture and Some Other Related Problems”, in The Yao of South China: Recent International Studies, ed. Lemoine, and Chien, Chiao, pp. 591–612Google Scholar.

⁶⁷ Paris: Centre de documentation et de recherches sur l'Asie du sud-est et le monde insulindien (Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique). See also (under the name Annie Hubert) her “La Maison des Mien”, ASEMI (Asie du sud-est et monde insulindien) 5, no. 2 (1974): 89–145Google Scholar.

⁶⁸ See Lehman, F.K., “Who are the Karen, and if so, Why? Karen Ethnohistory and a Formal Theory of Ethnicity”, in Ethnic Adaptation and Identity: The Karen on the Thai Frontier with Burma, ed. Keyes, Charles F. (Philadelphia: Institute for the Study of Human Issues, 1979), pp. 219–20Google Scholar; but here, claiming no personal expertise, I shall accept American linguist James A. Matisoff s assertion that the Karenic languages are a “subfamily of Tibeto-Burman”, in his “Linguistic Diversity and Language Contact”, in Highlanders of Thailand, ed. McKinnon, and Bhruksasri, , p. 67Google Scholar.

⁶⁹ See Walker, Anthony R., “Northern Thailand as Geo-Ethnic Mosaic: An Introductory Essay”, in The Highland Heritage, ed. Walker, , p. 43Google Scholar.

⁷⁰ But see his (post-1969) publication: “A People Between: The Pwo Karen of Western Thailand”, in Ethnic Adaptation and Identity, ed. Keyes, , pp. 63–80Google Scholar.

⁷¹ St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing Co. (The American Ethnological Society, Monograph 60); see also Hamilton, 's chapter, “Structure, Function, and Ideology of a Karen Funeral in Northern Thailand”, in Changing Identities in Modern Southeast Asia, ed. Banks, , pp. 95–109Google Scholar.

⁷² See, for example, Hinton, , “Population Dynamics and Dispersal Trends among the Karen of Northern Thailand”, in Studies of Contemporary Thailand, ed. Ho, and Chapman, , pp. 235–52Google Scholar; “Declining Production among Sedentary Swidden Cultivators: The Case of the Pwo Karen”, in Farmers in the Forest: Economic Development and Marginal Agriculture in Northern Thailand, ed. Kunstadter, Peter, Chapman, E.C. and Sabhasri, Sanga (Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii, 1978), pp. 185–98Google Scholar; “The Karen, Millennialism, and the Politics of Accommodation to Lowland States”, in Ethnic Adaptation and Identity, ed. Keyes, , pp. 81–94Google Scholar; “Why the Karen do not Grow Opium”, Ethnology 22 (1983): 1–16CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed; “Matrifocal Cult Groups and Distribution of Resources amongst the Pwo Karen”, in Spirit Cults and the Position of Women in Northern Thailand, ed. Cohen, Paul and Wijeyewardene, Gehan (Mankind 14, no. 4, 1984), pp. 339–47Google Scholar; and “Karen Territorial Spirits in Ethnographic, Historical and Political Context with Some Interpretations”, in Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Thai Studies, 11–13 May, 1990 (Kunming: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, n.d.), pp. 95–107Google Scholar. See also, Larchrojna, Somphob, “Pwo Karen, Spirits and Souls”, in Highlanders of Thailand, ed. McKinnon, and Bhruksasri, , pp. 169–72Google Scholar.

⁷³ Copenhagen: National Museum. “Elements of Pwo Karen Buddhism”, in The Lampang Field Station: A Scandinavian Research Centre in Thailand, 1969–1974: Reports, ed. Egerod, Soren and Sorensen, Per [Copenhagen: The Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies, 1976 (Special Publication no. 5)], pp. 269–74Google Scholar; and “Deference for the Elders and Control over the Younger among the Karen in Thailand”, Folk 21–22 (1980): 313–24Google Scholar.

⁷⁴ Ed. Charles F. Keyes (Philadelphia: Institute for the Study of Human Issues, 1979), pp. 165–214.

⁷⁵ Ed. Kunstadter, Chapman and Sanga Sabhasri, pp. 74–133.

⁷⁶ Ed. Keyes, pp. 119–63.

⁷⁷ National Geographic Magazine 14, no. 2 (1972): 166–85Google Scholar.

⁷⁸ Mountain Research and Development 3, no. 4 (1983): 326–37CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁷⁹ See Kunstadter, Peter, et al. , Hmong and Karen Health and Family Planning: Cultural and Other Factors Affecting the Use of Modern Family Planning Services by Hilltribes in Northern Thailand (Bangkok: Ministry of Public Health, 1986)Google Scholar.

⁸⁰ Tokyo: Sobunsha.

⁸¹ Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag.

⁸² Kyoto: Kyoto University (Memoirs of the College of Agriculture, Agricultural Economics, series no. 3).

⁸³ Ed. Keyes, pp. 99–118.

⁸⁴ See also Rajah, Ananda, “Implications of Traditional Karen Land-use Systems for the Introduction of New Cropping Systems: Some Observations from Ban Hua Lao, Huai Choa, Northern Thailand”, Mountain Research and Development 3, no. 4 (1983): 353–56CrossRefGoogle Scholar; “‘Au’ Ma Xae: Domestic Ritual and the Ideology of Kinship among the Sgaw Karen of Palokhi, Northern Thailand”, in Spirit Cults and the Position of Women, ed. Cohen, Paul and Wijeyewardene, Gehan [Mankind 14, no. 4 (1984): 348–56]Google Scholar; and “Ethnicity, Nationalism, and the Nation-State: The Karen in Burma and Thailand”, in Ethnic Groups across National Boundaries (1990), ed. Wijeyewardene, , pp. 102–48Google Scholar.

⁸⁵ Tonan Ajia Kenkyu [Southeast Asian Studies] (Kyoto) 16, no. 3 (1978): 411–46, and 18, no. 1 (1980): 40–67Google Scholar.

⁸⁶ See e also his “The Role of the Karens in Thai Society during the Early Bangkok Period, 1782–1873”, Contributions to Asian Studies 15 (1980): 15–28Google Scholar; and (with others) Some Notes on the Karen and their Music (Chiang Mai: Payap University, Center for the Arts, 1991)Google Scholar.

⁸⁷ Uppsala: Studia Missionalia Upsaliensia 49.

⁸⁸ Anthropological Quarterly 44, no. 1 (1971): 1–11Google Scholar.

⁸⁹ But see his earlier works: “Review of Jones's Cultural Variation among Six Lahu Villages, Northern Thailand”, Journal of the Siam Society 56, no. 2 (1968): 295–97Google Scholar, and “Note on the Literature on the Lahu Shehleh and Lahu Na of Northern Thailand”, Journal of the Siam Society 57 no. 2 (1969): 321–32Google Scholar.

⁹⁰ Chiang Mai: Sūn Wichai Chāo Khao [Tribal Research Centre].

⁹¹ Chiang Mai: Tribal Research Centre, 1970.

⁹² Taipei: The Orient Cultural Service (Asian Folklore and Social Life Monographs no. 107). See also my “The Divisions of the Lahu People”, Journal of the Siam Society 62, no. 2 (1974): 253–68Google Scholar; “Messianic Movements among the Lahu of the Yunnan-Indochina Borderlands”, Southeast Asia: An International Quarterly 3, no. 2 (1974): 699–711Google Scholar; “The Lahu of the Yunnan-Indochina Borderlands; An Introduction”, Folk 16–17 (1975): 329–44Google Scholar; “Jaw te Mehv Jaw ve: Lahu Nyi (Red Lahu) Rites of Spirit Exorcism in North Thailand”, Anthropos 71 (1976): 77–422Google Scholar; “The Swidden Economy of a Lahu Nyi (Red Lahu) Village Community in North Thailand”, Folk 18 (1976): 145–88Google Scholar; “The Lahu People: An Introduction”, in Highlanders of Thailand, ed. McKinnon, and Bhruksasri, , pp. 227–37Google Scholar; and “Opium: its Cultivation and Use in a Lahu Nyi (Red Lahu) Village Community in North Thailand”, Contributions to Southeast Asian Ethnography 4 (1985): 119–51Google Scholar (reprinted in The Highland Heritage, ed. Walker, , pp. 111–43)Google Scholar. For a more-or-less complete listing of my Lahu publications (many concerned with the presentation and explication of Lahu ritual texts), see The Highland Heritage, ed. Walker, , pp. 379–81Google Scholar.

⁹³ See also his “Lahu Trade and Commerce”, Journal of the Siam Society 63, no. 2(1975): 199–218Google Scholar; “Lahu Agriculture and Trade in North Thailand”, in Highlanders of Thailand, ed. McKinnon, and Bhruksasri, , pp. 238–41Google Scholar; and “Opiate of the People? A Case Study of Lahu Opium Addicts”, in Hill Tribes Today: Problems in Change, ed. McKinnon, John and Vienne, Bernard (Bangkok: White Lotus-Orstom, 1989), pp. 159–72Google Scholar.

⁹⁴ Singapore: International Development Research Council (Southeast Asia Population Research Awards Program, Research Report no. 14). See also his Highland-Lowland Migration: A Study of Lahu and Meo Movements towards Majority Life (Chiang Mai: Tribal Research Centre, 1980)Google Scholar.

⁹⁵ Salaya: Mahidol University, Institute for Language and Culture for Rural Development.

⁹⁶ Canberra: Australian National University (Oriental monograph no. 23).

⁹⁷ Minority Cultures of Laos Kammu, Lua', Lahu, Hmong, and Iu-Mien, ed. Lewis, Judy (Rancho Cordova, Cal: Southeast Asia Community Resource Center), pp. 125–247Google Scholar.

⁹⁸ All these are publications of the Tribal Research Centre in Chiang Mai (Chiang Mai: Sūn Wichai Chāo Khao); they also represent single titles within a series that covers each of the six main hill populations, as identified by the Royal Thai Government, viz., Hmong, Yao, Karen, Lahu, Lisu and Akha. I will not here repeat the references for the five peoples other than the Lahu.

⁹⁹ See their “Strategies in Opium Production”, Ethnos 40, nos. 1–2 (1975): 254–68Google Scholar, and “Economic Systems and Ethnic Relations in Northern Thailand”, Contributions to Southeast Asian Ethnography 1 (1982): 72–101Google Scholar [republished, with minor corrections and updating, in The Highland Heritage (1992), ed. Walker, , pp. 95–110]Google Scholar.

¹⁰⁰ See also his “Lisu Migration in the Thai Highlands”, Ethnology 10, no. 3 (1971): 329–48CrossRefGoogle Scholar; “Lisu Settlement Patterns”, Journal of the Siam Society 60, no. 1 (1972): 195–204Google Scholar; “The Poppies are Beautiful This Year”, Natural History: Journal of the American Museum of Natural History 82, no. 2 (1972): 92–96Google Scholar and “Lisu World View”, Contributions to Southeast Asian Ethnography 7 (1988): 27–49Google Scholar (reprinted in The Highland Heritage, ed. Walker, , pp. 315–37)Google Scholar.

¹⁰¹ Viz. “The Regional Context of the Economy of a Lisu Village in Northern Thailand”, Southeast Asia: An International Quarterly 3, no. 1 (1974): 569–75Google Scholar; “A Soul's Journey: A Lisu Song from Northern Thailand”, Asian Folklore Studies 34, no. 1 (1975): 35–50CrossRefGoogle Scholar; “Lisu Occult Roles”, Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 131, no. 1 (1975): 138–46Google Scholar; “The Lisu Concept of the Soul”, Journal of the Siam Society 63, no. 1 (1975): 63–71Google Scholar; “Law and Authority in a Lisu Village: Two Cases”, Journal of Anthropological Research 32, no. 4 (1976): 301–25CrossRefGoogle Scholar; “The Economy of a Lisu Village”, American Ethnologist 3, no. 4 (1976): 633–44CrossRefGoogle Scholar; “A Lisu Shamanistic Trance”, Journal of the Siam Society 64, no. 2 (1976): 150–60Google Scholar; “Lisu Etiological Categories”, Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 133, no. 1 (1977): 90–99CrossRefGoogle Scholar, “Of Lisu Dogs and Lisu Spirits”, Folklore 88 (1977): 61–63CrossRefGoogle Scholar; “Rice Production in a Lisu Village”, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 10, no. 4 (1979): 139–46CrossRefGoogle Scholar; “Lisu: Political Form, Ideology and Economic Action”, in Highlanders of Thailand, ed. Bhruksasri, McKinnon, pp. 215–26Google Scholar; and “Witchcraft, Sorcery, Fortune, and Misfortune among Lisu Highlanders of Northern Thailand”, in Understanding Witchcraft and Sorcery in Southeast Asia, ed. Watson, C.W. and Ellen, Roy (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1993), pp. 47–66Google Scholar.

¹⁰² Dekalb, Northern Illinois University Press, Center for Southeast Asian Studies (Occasional Paper no. 13).

¹⁰³ Hill Tribes Today, ed. Vienne, McKinnon, pp. 173–90Google Scholar.

¹⁰⁴ Leiden: E.J. Brill; see also her “The Degeneration of Lisu Repute”, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Thai Studies, the Australian National University, Canberra, 3–6 July, 1987, comp. Ann Buller (Canberra: The Australian National University, 1987), pp. 83–92Google Scholar and, on a different subject altogether, “How Does a ‘Tai’ Spirit Come to be on a Lisu Home Altar? A Note on the Merger of Lowland and Highland Cosmologies”, in Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Thai Studies, 11–13 May, 1990 (Kunming: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, n.d.), pp. 133–41Google Scholar. For an account of Hutheesing's field work among the Lisu, see her “Facework of a Female Elder in a Lisu Field, Thailand”, in Gendered Fields: Women, Men and Ethnography, ed. Bell, Diane, et al. (London: Routledge, 1993), pp. 93–102Google Scholar.

¹⁰⁵ Review of Emerging Sexual Inequality. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 22 (1991): 451–53CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

¹⁰⁶ Hill Tribes Today, ed. Vienne, McKinnon, pp. 191–221Google Scholar.

¹⁰⁷ See fn. 20.

¹⁰⁸ So far as I am aware, only the following: Scholz, Friedhelm, “Zum Feldbau des Akha-Dorfes Alum, Thailand”, in Yearbook of the South Asia Institute, Heidelberg University, 1968/69, Band 3 (Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1969), pp. 88–99Google Scholar; Kickert, Robert W., “Akha Village Structure”, in Tribesmen and Peasants in North Thailand, ed. Hinton, Peter, pp. 35–40Google Scholar; and Feingold, David A., “On Knowing Who You are: Intraethnic Distinctions among Akha of Northern Thailand”, in Changing Identities in Modem Southeast Asia, ed. Banks, , pp. 83–94Google Scholar.

¹⁰⁹ Highlanders of Thailand, ed. Bhruksasri, McKinnon, pp. 243–77Google Scholar.

¹¹⁰ See also her “Minority Identity in the Mountains of Northern Thailand: The Akha Case”, in Southeast Asian Tribal Groups and Ethnic Minorities: Prospects for the Eighties and Beyond (Cambridge, Mass.: Cultural Survival, 1987), pp. 85–96Google Scholar; “Territorial Imperatives: Akha Ethnic Identity and Thailand's National Integration”, in Ethnicities and Nations: Processes of Interethnic Relations in Latin America, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific, ed. Guidieri, Remo, et al. (Austin, Texas: University of Tfexas Press, 1988), pp. 259–92Google Scholar; “Shifting Gender Asymmetries among Akha of Northern Thailand”, in Gender, Power, and the Construction of the Moral Order: Studies from the Thai Periphery, ed. Eberhardt, Nancy (Madison: University of Wisconsin, Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Monograph no. 4, 1988), pp. 33–51Google Scholar; “Customs and Christian Conversion among Akha Highlanders of Burma and Thailand”, American Ethnologist 17, no. 2 (1990): 277–91CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

¹¹¹ See also her “Some Continuities in the Communication of Hierarchy in Tai (Dai) and Non-Tai (Akha/Hani) Groups”, in Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Thai Studies, 11–13 May, 1990 (Kunming: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, n.d.), pp. 83–94Google Scholar; and her “Identity Systems of Highland Burma: ‘Belief’, Akha Zán, and A Critique of Interiorized Notions of Ethno-religious Identity”, Man (n.s.) 27, no. 4 (1992): 799–819CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

¹¹² Amsterdam: Time-Life Books.

¹¹³ New Haven: Human Relations Area Files. See also his “Basic Themes in Akha Culture”, Contributions to Southeast Asian Ethnography 2 (1982): 86–101Google Scholar (reprinted, with minor corrections and new illustrations, in The Highland Heritage, ed. Walker, , pp. 207–224)Google Scholar.

¹¹⁴ In The Nature and Status of Ethnobotany, ed. Ford, Richard I. (Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan, Papers of the Museum of Anthropology no. 57), pp. 168–200Google Scholar.

¹¹⁵ Highlanders of Thailand, ed. McKinnon, and Bhruksasri, , pp. 135–54Google Scholar.

¹¹⁶ Vol. 59, no. 1: 129–51; Vol. 60, no 1: 237–306; Vol. 65, no 1: 181–226; Vol. 68, no. 1: 87–125.

¹¹⁷ See also his “The T'in of Northern Thailand: An Ethnolinguistic Survey”, Behavior Science Notes 6, no. 1 (1971): 19–31CrossRefGoogle Scholar. There is also a pre-1969 paper, “Concepts of Sin and Atonement among the Thin”, Practical Anthropology 11, no. 4 (1964): 181–84Google Scholar.

¹¹⁸ Bulletin of the International Committee on Urgent Anthropological and Ethnological Research 15: 9–25.

¹¹⁹ Journal of the Siam Society 69, nos. 1–2: 107–137Google Scholar.

¹²⁰ See Lindell, Kristina, “Thailand: The Kammu Language and Folklore Project”, Asian Folklore Studies 38, no. 1 (1979)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; “The Kammu Village — A Southeast Asian Minority Society: A Project at Lund University, Sweden”, Annual Newsletter of the Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies: The Year 1983 (Copenhagen: Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies, 1984), pp. 22–34Google Scholar.

¹²¹ London: Curzon Press (Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies Monograph series no. 33).

¹²² London: Curzon Press (Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies Monograph series no. 40).

¹²³ London: Curzon Press (Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies, Studies on Asian Topics, no. 4).

¹²⁴ London: Curzon Press (Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies Monograph series no. 51).

¹²⁵ Taipei: The Orient Cultural Service.

¹²⁶ Pp. 1–18, 19–59, 60–152.

¹²⁷ Pp. xl–1.

¹²⁸ Contributions to Southeast Asian Ethnography 4 (1986): 1–41Google Scholar (substantially revised version reprinted in The Highland Heritage, ed. Walker, , pp. 225–63)Google Scholar; see also his “The Khon Pa of Northern Thailand: An Enigma”, Current Anthropology 22, no. 3 (1981): 291–93CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

¹²⁹ Bangkok: Odeon Store.

¹³⁰ The Siam Society in Bangkok brought out a new edition of Young's book as late as 1974. See my review article in the Journal of the Siam Society 63, no. 2 (1975): 355–70Google Scholar.

¹³¹ Penang: Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia for The School of Comparative Social Sciences.

¹³² “Northern Thailand as Geo-ethnic Mosaic: An Introductory Essay”, The Highland Heritage, ed. Walker, , pp. 1–93Google Scholar.

¹³³ Bangkok: Phraephitthayā [all editions].

¹³⁴ Bangkok: Bandānsān.

¹³⁵ Bangkok: Wīratham.

¹³⁶ Bangkok: Samnakngān Lēkhānukān Khana: Kammakān Kan Patibat Kān Chitwitthaya Haeng Chāt [Secretariat for the National Committeee on Psychological Warfare Operations].

¹³⁷ Bangkok: Watthanāphānit.

¹³⁸ Bangkok: May-June, 1983, pp. 5–45.

¹³⁹ Chiang Mai: Tribal Research Institute.

¹⁴⁰ Bangkok: Sangdad Publishing Co.

¹⁴¹ Bangkok: Editions Duang Kamol.

¹⁴² Oxford: The Clarendon Press. See also his “Negrito Blowpipe Construction on the Lebir River, Kelantan”, Federation Museums Journal (n.s.) 14 (1969): 1–36Google Scholar; “The Batek Negrito Thunder God: The Personification of a Natural Force”, in The Imagination of Reality: Essays in Southeast Asian Coherence Systems, ed. Becker, A.L. and Yengoyan, A.A. (Norwood, N.J., Abex Publishing Corporation, 1979), pp. 29–42Google Scholar; “The Hunting Methods of the Batek Negritos of Malaysia: A Problem of Alternatives”, Canberra Anthropology 2, no. 2 (1979): 7–22CrossRefGoogle Scholar; “The Effects of Logging on the Batek of Malaysia”, Cultural Survival Quarterly 6, no. 2 (1982): pp. 19–20Google Scholar; “The Economy of the Batek of Malaysia: Annual and Historical Perspective”, Research in Economic Anthropology 6 (1984): 29–52Google Scholar; and (with Endicott, Karen L.), “The Question of Hunter-gatherer Territoriality: The Case of the Batek of Malaysia”, in The Past and Future of Kung Ethnography: Critical Reflections and Symbolic Perspectives — Essays in Honour of Lorna Marshall(Hamburg: Helmut Buske, 1986), pp. 137–62Google Scholar. A complete listing, to 1992, of Endicott, Kirk's Orang Asli publications is to be found in Orang Asli Studies Group Directory (Hannover, N.H., Dartmouth College, Dept. of Anthropology, 09 1992), pp. 7–8Google Scholar.

¹⁴³ See also her “The Conditions of Egalitarian Male-Female Relationships in Foraging Societies”, Canberra Anthropology 4, no. 2 (1981): 1–10CrossRefGoogle Scholar; and “The Batek De' of Malaysia: Development and Egalitarian Sex Roles”, Cultural Survival Quarterly 8, no. 2 (1984): 6–8Google Scholar.

¹⁴⁴ Penang: Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Comparative Social Sciences, Social Anthropology Section (Provisional Research Report no. 1, 1972). Where titles are italicized, this indicates that the report in question was circulated in multiple copies, usually 100 or more. The titles of single or limited copy works, such as theses, dissertations and some working reports, are not italicized.

¹⁴⁵ Published together (in mimeographed form) as Three Studies on the Orang Asli in Ulu Perak (Penang: Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Comparative Social Sciences, Social Anthropology Section, Provisional Research Report no. 2, 1973)Google Scholar. The order of authors is Mohd. Razha, pp. 2–38, Syed Jamal, pp. 40–70 and Tan Chee Beng, pp. 72–146.

¹⁴⁶ Penang: Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Comparative Social Sciences, Social Anthropology Section (Provisional Reports no. 3, 1974).

¹⁴⁷ Demography and Environmental Adaptation: A Comparative Study of Two Aboriginal Populations in West Malaysia, Southeast Asia Population Research Awards Programme Report no. 35 (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1981)Google Scholar, and reprinted in Population Change in Southeast Asia, ed. Arce, Wilfredo F. and Alvarez, Gabriel C. (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies), pp. 391–431Google Scholar; Ecological Adaptation and Population Change: A Comparative Study of Semang Foragers and Temuan Horticulturalists in West Malaysia, Research Report no. 12 (Honolulu: East-West Environment and Policy Institute, East-West Center, 1982)Google Scholar.

¹⁴⁸ Ann Arbor: University of Michigan (Museum of Anthropology, Anthropological Papers no. 76). See also his “Bows, Blowpipes, and Blunderbusses: Ecological Implications of Weapons Change among the Malaysian Negritos”, Malayan Nature Journal 32, no. 2 (1978): 209–216Google Scholar.

¹⁴⁹ For example, his “Changing Sources of Subsistence and the Control of Sexuality and Fertility” (Paper for the Conference on The Environment and the Regeneration of Culture: Perspectives of Gender, Family, Ethnicity and State,Penang, Malaysia,14–17 December, 1992)Google Scholar.

¹⁵⁰ Journal of the National Research Council of Thailand 15, no. 2 (1983): 1–24 (in Thai)Google Scholar.

¹⁵¹ Sapporo: Hokkaido University (Hokkaido Behavioral Science Report Series E, no. 1); see also his “Efficiency and Focus of Blowpipe Hunting among Semaq Beri Hunter-gatherers of Peninsular Malaysia”, Human Ecology 16, no. 3 (1988): 271–305CrossRefGoogle Scholar; and “Food Use and Nutrition in a Hunting and Gathering Community in Transition, Peninsular Malaysia”, Man and Culture in Oceania 4 (1988): 1–30Google Scholar.

¹⁵² Federation Museums Journal (n.s.) 20: 1–23Google Scholar.

¹⁵³ Folk 19–20: 171–81Google Scholar.

¹⁵⁴ Federation Museums Journal (n.s.) 24: 19–38Google Scholar.

¹⁵⁵ Singapore: The National University of Singapore, Dept. of Sociology (Working Papers no. 82). The second work is to appear in L'enfance dans I'Asie du Sud-est, ed. Koubi, Jeannine and Massard, Josiane (Paris: Éditions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme)Google Scholar.

¹⁵⁶ Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press; paperback edition, 1993. See also her “The Social Structuring of Sound: The Temiar of Peninsular Malaysia”, Ethnomusicology 28, no. 2 (1984): 411–45CrossRefGoogle Scholar; “Inversion and Conjuncture: Male and Female Performance among the Temiar of Peninsular Malaysia”, in Women and Music in Cross-cultural Perspective (New York: Greenwood Press, 1987, Contributions to Women's Studies, no. 79)Google Scholar; “The Pragmatics of Aesthetics: The Performance of Healing among the Senoi Temiar”, Social Science and Medicine 27, no. 7 (1988): 811–18CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed.

¹⁵⁷ London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; see also her “Temiar Dance and the Maintenance of Order” in Society and the Dance, ed. Spencer, Paul (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), pp. 47–63Google Scholar.

¹⁵⁸ Penang: Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Comparative Social Sciences (Provisional Research Report no. 4).

¹⁵⁹ New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, pp. 85–112; republished (by the same publishing house) as the penultimate chapter in the “fieldwork edition” of his The Semai: A Nonviolent People of Malaya (1979), pp. 105–31Google Scholar.

¹⁶⁰ See fn 23 and 159 above.

¹⁶¹ Buffalo, N.Y.: State University of New York (Special Studies series, Council on International Studies).

¹⁶² See especially his “Labels and Rituals in Semai Classification”, Ethnology 9 (1970): 16–25CrossRefGoogle Scholar; “Some Senoi Semai Planting Techniques”, Economic Botany 25 (1971): 136–59CrossRefGoogle Scholar; “If there were no Malays, who would the Semai be?”, in Pluralism in Malaysia: Myth and Reality: A Symposium on Singapore and Malaysia, ed. Nagata, Judith A., Contributions to Asian Studies 7 (Leiden: Brill, 1975), pp. 50–64Google Scholar; and “Notes on Childhood in a Nonviolent Context: The Semai Case”, in Learning Nonaggression, ed. Montagu, Ashley (New York: Oxford University Press, 1978), pp. 94–143Google Scholar. For a complete listing of Dentan's Orang Asli work (to 1992), see Orang Asli Studies Group Directory (1992), pp. 4–5Google Scholar.

¹⁶³ Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan, Museum of Anthropology (Monograph no. 62). This is a revision of his Ph.D. dissertation for the University of Michigan, entitled “Semai Senoi Population Structure and Genetic Microdifferentiation” (1971). For a full listing of Fix's publications (to 1992) see Orang Asli Studies Group Directory, pp. 8–9.

¹⁶⁴ Annals of Human Genetics 37: 327–32Google Scholar.

¹⁶⁵ See also his “Frustration, Aggression, and the Nonviolent Semai”, American Ethnologist 4, no. 4 (1977): 762–79CrossRefGoogle Scholar; “Learning to Fear: A Case Study of Emotional Conditioning”, American Ethnologist 63, no. 3 (1979): 555–67Google Scholar; “Conflict, Emotion, and Abreaction: Resolution of Conflict among the Semai Senoi”, Ethos 7, no. 2 (1979): 104–123CrossRefGoogle Scholar; and “The Image of Nonviolence: World View of the Semai Senoi”, Federation Museums Journal (n.s.) 25 (1980): 103–117Google Scholar.

¹⁶⁶ Federation Museums Journal (n.s.) 25 (1980): 89–102Google Scholar.

¹⁶⁷ Manusia dan Masyrakat 1: 118–36Google Scholar.

¹⁶⁸ See also his “Things are Not What They Seem: Semai Economy in the 1980s”, Akademika (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia) 35 (1989): 47–54Google ScholarPubMed.

¹⁶⁹ In Ethnic Diversity and the Control of Natural Resources in Southeast Asia, ed. Rambo, A. Terry, Gillogly, Kathleen and Hutterer, Karl L., Michigan Papers on South and Southeast Asian Studies no. 32 (Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan, 1988), pp. 99–117Google Scholar.

¹⁷⁰ Bangi, Selangor: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 1990.

¹⁷¹ Williams-Hunt, Bah Tony, “Orang Asli: Ancestral Laws and State Policies”, paper read to the International Symposium on the Environment and the Regeneration of Culture: Perspectives of Gender, Family, Ethnicity and the State,Universiti Sains Malaysia,Penang,1992, p. 11Google Scholar.

¹⁷² See Benjamin, Geoffrey, “Achievements and Gaps in Orang Asli Research”, Akademika 35 (1989): 7–45, p. 25Google Scholar.

¹⁷³ Dentan, , “Some Senoi-Semai Dietary Restrictions” (Ph.D. diss., Yale University, 1965), p. viGoogle Scholar.

¹⁷⁴ Penang: Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia; particularly for its inclusion of colour plates not to be found in her book, see also her earlier work “A Jah Hut Community and its Wood Carvings” in The Ethnography of the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia: Papers Presented at the Seminar of the Malaysian Society for Asian Studies held in Kuala Lumpur on 1st and 2nd October 1977, Federation Museums Journal (n.s.) 24 (1979): 125–56Google Scholar.

¹⁷⁵ Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya.

¹⁷⁶ Kuala Lumpur: Department of Publications, University of Malaya.

¹⁷⁷ UNESCO Regional Workshop on “Socio-Cultural Change in Communities Resulting from Economic Development and Technological Progress”, Bangi, Selangor, 4–8 Oct., 1982.

¹⁷⁸ London: The Athlone Press (Monographs on Social Anthropology no. 54); see also her three articles (i) “Introduction to the Ma' Betisék of Peninsular Malaysia”, (ii) “The Affinal Bond: A Review of Ma' Betisék Marriages on Carey Island”, and (iii) “Children of the Garden: Concepts of Size, Space and Time in Child Socialization among the Ma' Betisék and the Malays”, all published in Federation Museums Journal (n.s.) 25 (1980): (i), 119–35; (ii), 137–50; (iii), 151–58Google Scholar; and “With Moyang Melur in Carey Island: More Endangered, More Engendered”, in Gendered Fields: Men, Women and Ethnography, ed. Bell, Diane, et al. (London: Routledge, 1993), pp. 78–92Google Scholar.

¹⁷⁹ E.g., “Can the Partnership Last? Btsisi' Marital Partners and Development”, Cultural Survival Quarterly 8, no. 2 (1984), pp. 9–11Google Scholar; “The Formation of Aboriginal Reserves: The Effects of Land Loss and Development on the Btsisi' of Peninsular Malaysia”, in Modernization and the Emergence of a Landless Peasantry: Essays on the Integration of Peripheries to the Socio-economic Centers, ed. Appell, George N. [Studies in Third World Societies 33 (1985)], pp. 85–110Google Scholar; and “The Cooperative Nature of Women's and Men's Roles in Btsisi' Marine Extracting Activities”, in To Work and to Weep: Women in Fishing Economies, ed. Nadel-Klein, Jane and Davis, Dona Lee (St. Johns, Newfoundland: Memorial University of Newfoundland, Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1988), pp. 51–72Google Scholar.

¹⁸⁰ Penang: Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Comparative Social Sciences, Social Anthropology Section, Provisional Research Report no. 6. See also her article “The Besisi and their Religion: An Introduction to the People, the Beliefs and the Ritual Practices of an Aboriginal Community of Coastal Selangor, Malaysia”, Contributions to Southeast Asian Ethnography 4 (1986): 37–79Google Scholar.

¹⁸¹ Kuala Lumpur: Museums Department.

¹⁸² “The Museums Department Collection: Kuala Lumpur and Taiping: (i) Mah Meri Masks”, Federation Museums Journal (n.s.) 8 (1963): 18–23Google Scholar, and “The Museums Department Collection: Kuala Lumpur and Taiping: (ii) Mah Meri Sculpture” (n.s.) 9 (1964): 52–66Google Scholar.

¹⁸³ Kuala Lumpur: Muzium Negara; reprinted 1974, Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya.

¹⁸⁴ Werner, , Bomoh-Poyang, pp. 1–97Google Scholar.

¹⁸⁵ Singapore: Oxford University Press, republished in 1989 by The University of Chicago Press.

¹⁸⁶ Chewong Myths and Legends, Monograph no. 11 (Kuala Lumpur: The Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1982)Google Scholar; “The Chewong of Malaysia: A Study on the Introduction of Family Planning to an Aboriginal Group”, Populi 6, no. 4 (1979): 48–51Google Scholar; “Rules not Words”, in Indigenous Psychologies, ed. Heelas, Paul and Lock, A. (London: Academic Press, 1981), pp. 133–43Google Scholar; “The ‘Che Wông’ Revisited”, Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 54, 3 (1981): 57–69Google ScholarPubMed; “Chewong Women in Transition: The Effect of Monetization on a Gatherer-Hunting Society in Malaysia”, in Women and Development in South-East Asia, Occasional Paper no. 1 (Canterbury: University of Kent, Centre of Southeast Asian Studies), pp. 46–80Google ScholarPubMed; “Equality and Hierarchy in Chewong Classification”, JASO (Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford) 15, 1 (1984): 30–44Google Scholar; “Formal Speech Acts as One Discourse”, Man (n.s.) 21 (1986): 79–101CrossRefGoogle Scholar; “From Child to Human”, in Acquiring Culture: Cross Cultural Studies in Childhood, ed. Lewis, I.M. and Jahoda, G. (London: Croom Helm, 1988), pp. 147–68Google Scholar; “To be Angry is not to be Human, but to be Fearful is”, in Societies at Peace: An Anthropological Perspective, ed. Howell, Signe and Willis, Roy (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1989), pp. 45–59Google Scholar.

¹⁸⁷ Social Analysis 1 (1979): 54–80Google Scholar.

¹⁸⁸ See also his published papers, “The Semelai Sura and Oral History: Myth and Ideology in an Orang Asli Worldview”, Akademika 7 (1975), pp. 1–16Google Scholar; “Morality and Restraint among the Semelai of Malaysia”, in The Nascent Malaysian Society, ed. Dahlan, H.M. (Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 1976), pp. 53–70Google Scholar; and “The Cultural Context of Semelai Trance”, Federation Museums Journal (n.s.) 24 (1979): 107–124Google Scholar.

¹⁸⁹ New Haven: The Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences (Memoirs vol. 22).

¹⁹⁰ See also his “The Temuans and the Wider Society: Integration and Assimilation”, in The Nascent Malaysian Society, ed. Dahlan, , pp. 39–52Google Scholar; and “The Temuans of Melaka”, in Melaka The Transformation of a Malay Capital c. 1400–1980, ed. Sandhu, Kernial Singh and Wheatley, Paul (Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press), vol. 2, pp. 3–29Google Scholar.

¹⁹¹ Kuala Lumpur: The Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, pp. 78–103; see also his “Secular Changes in Temuan (Malaysian Orang Asli) Settlement Patterns, Subsistence and Health”, Malayan Nature Journal 31, no. 2 (1977): 81–92Google Scholar.

¹⁹² In Cultural-ecological Perspectives on Southeast Asia, ed, Wood, William, Papers in International Studies, Southeast Asia Series no. 14 (Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Center for International Studies), pp. 102–112Google Scholar.

¹⁹³ Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya, Dept. of Anthropology and Sociology (Working Paper no. 3).

¹⁹⁴ Akademika 35 (1989): 87–96Google Scholar.

¹⁹⁵ Federation Museums Journal (n.s.) 21 (1976): 53–67Google Scholar.

¹⁹⁶ Federation Museums Journal (n.s.) 20 (1975): 25–31Google Scholar.

¹⁹⁷ Manusia dan Masyarakat 1: 98–117Google Scholar

¹⁹⁸ Penang: Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Comparative Social Sciences, Social Anthropology section, Provisional Research Report no. 5.

¹⁹⁹ Shahyar, Mariah Dato and Zabai, Zabidah, “Kajian Etnografi Kaum Temuan di Kuala Kubu Bharu [Ethnographic Study of the Temuan Community at Kuala Kubu Bharu]” (University of Malaya, 1973)Google Scholar.

²⁰⁰ Ismail, Wan Badariah binti, “Sistem Kekeluargaan dan Perkahwinan Orang-orang Temuan di Kampung Guntur, Negri Sembilan [The Kinship and Marriage System of the Temuan People of Kampung Guntur, Negri Sembilan]” (University of Malaya, 1973)Google Scholar.

²⁰¹ Zabidah binti Zabai'i, “Kepercayaan dan Ugama Orang Asli (Temuan), Kuala Kubu Bharu, Ulu Selangor [Orang Asli (Temuan) Beliefs and Religion … ]” (University of Malaya, 1963); Salehudin bin Mansur, “Masyarakat Orang-orang Temuan di Kampung Bukit Tadum (Satu Kajian Tentang Orang-orang Asli yang Tinggal di Kampung Bukit Tadum, dengan Menekankan Soal Kepercayaan) [The Society of the Temuan People of Bukit Tadum Village (A Study Concerning the Orang Asli who live in Bukit Tandum Village, with Emphasis on the Matter of Beliefs)]” (National University of Malaysia, 1974); Tkib bin Musa, “Kepercayaan Suku Temuan di Bukit Langan [Temuan Beliefs at Bukit Langan]” (University of Malaya, 1976) and Mustapha bin Haji Dad, “Kepercayaan Masyarakat Sukubangsa Temuan Kg. Lubuk Bandung, Simpang Bekuh, Jasin, Melaka [Temuan Social Beliefs at Lubuk Bandung Village … ]” (University of Malaya, 1976).

²⁰² Nor Ayob, “Satu Kajian Kes Sosio-ekonomi Orang-orang Asli di Penempatan Semula Kg. Tun Abdul Razak, K.K.B., Selangor [A Case Study of the Socio-economy of the Orang Asli of Tun Abdul Razak Resettlement Village … ]” (National University of Malaysia, 1975); A. Malik, “Temuan Community of Kg. Sg. Lalang, District Ulu Langat, Selangor: A Study of the Needs of the Orang Asli” (Agricultural University of Malaysia, 1976); and Zainuddin Abdul Rahman, “The Temuan Ecosystem” (University of Malaya, 1977).

²⁰³ Kyoto University, Center for Southeast Asian Studies (Discussion papers nos. 23 and 24). His three principal works in Japanese are (1) “Marei hanto ni okeru Jakun no shinzoku meisho [A Jakun Kinship Terminology]”, (2) “Maraya ni okeru Jakun kazoku kõsei no tokushitsu [Familial Forms of the Jakun (Orang Hulu) in Malaya]”, and (3) “Jakun (Oran Furu) no kekkon to rikon [Marriage and Divorce among the Jakun (Orang Hulu) of Malaya]”, respectively in Tōnan Ajia Kenkyū [Southeast Asian Studies] 4 (1967): 834–53Google Scholar; 5 (1967): 463–83; 6 (1969): 748–57.

²⁰⁴ Mimeographed reports, Penang: Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Comparative Social Sciences.

²⁰⁵ Mimeographed. (Place of publication not indicated.)

²⁰⁶ Provisional Research Report no. 7. See also his “The Diversified Economy of the Orang Kanaq of Southeastern Johor, Malaysia”, Contributions to Southeast Asian Ethnography 4 (1985): 31–74Google Scholar.

²⁰⁷ Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, pp. 27–113.

²⁰⁸ Federation Museums Journal (n.s.) 15: 181–84Google Scholar.

²⁰⁹ Annual Newsletter of the Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies (Copenhagen): The Year 1983, pp. 3–13Google Scholar.

²¹⁰ Kasimin, Amran, Religion and Social Change, pp. 205–229Google Scholar.

²¹¹ Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.

²¹² In Austroastiatic Studies, Vol. I, ed. Jenner, Philip N., et al. (Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii), pp. 37–128Google Scholar.

²¹³ In The Imagination of Reality: Essays in Southeast Asian Coherence Systems, ed. Becker, A.L. and Yengoyan, Aram A. (Norwood, New Jersey: Ablex), pp. 9–27Google Scholar.

²¹⁴ Unpublished paper, privately circulated by author.

²¹⁵ In Cultural Values and Human Ecology in Southeast Asia, ed. Hutterer, Karl, et al. (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies), pp. 219–78Google Scholar.

²¹⁶ Singapore: National University of Singapore, Department of Sociology (Working Paper no. 71).

²¹⁷ “Bases of Traditional Authority among the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia”, Akademika 35 (1989): 75–86Google Scholar.

²¹⁸ E.g. “Human Ecology of the Malaysian Orang Asli”, Federation Museums Journal (n.s.) 24 (1979): 39–71Google Scholar; “Primitive Man's Impact on Genetic Resources of the Malaysian Tropical Rain Forest”, Malayan Nature Journal (n.s.) 32, no. 2: 209–216Google Scholar; “A Note on Stone Tool Use by the Orang Asli”, Asian Perspectives 22, no. 2 (1979): 113–19Google Scholar; “Of Stones and Stars: Malaysian Orang Asli Environmental Knowledge in Relation to their Adaptation to a Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystem”, Federation Museums Journal (n.s.) 25 (1980): 77–88Google Scholar; and “Orang Asli Adaptive Strategies: Implications for Malaysia's Natural Resource Development Planning”, in Too Rapid Rural Development, ed. MacAndrews, C. and Chia, L.S. (Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1982), pp. 251–99Google Scholar.

²¹⁹ Brussels: European Economic Community, pp. 177–216.

²²⁰ “Central Government and “Tribal' Minorities: Thailand and West Malaysia Compared”, in Farmers in the Hills, ed. Walker, , pp. 189–203Google Scholar.

²²¹ “In Mountain and Ulu: A Comparative History of Development Strategies for Ethnic Minority Peoples in Thailand and Malaysia”, Contemporary Southeast Asia 4 no. 4 (1980): 451–85Google Scholar.

²²² “Ethno-historical Perspectives and Social Change among the Orang Asli: A Brief Overview”, Jernal Antropologi dan Sociologi 4 (1975): 1–11Google Scholar; and “Orang Asli of Malaysia: An Overview of Recent Development Policy and its Impact”, in Tribal Peoples and Development in Southeast Asia, ed. Ghee, Lim Teck and Gomes, Alberto G. (Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya, Dept. of Anthropology & Sociology, 1990Google Scholar, published as a special issue of the journal Manusia dan Masyarakat).

²²³ “The Impact of Economic Modernization on the Orang Asli (Aborigines) of Northern Peninsular Malaysia”, in Issues in Malaysian Development, ed. Jackson, J.C. and Rudner, M. (Singapore: Heinemann Asia, 1979), pp. 167–204 (dealing only with Semang and Temiar)Google Scholar; and “The Effects of Government Programs on the Orang Asli of Malaysia”, in Southeast Asian Tribal Groups and Minorities, Occasional Paper no. 22 (Harvard, Mass.: Cultural Survival Inc.), pp. 45–71Google Scholar.

²²⁴ “The Orang Asli: Coping with a Changing Environment”, in Southeast Asia: Problems of the Social and Physical Environment, ed. Mathews, Bruce (Wolfville, Nova Scotia: Lancelot Press for Acadia University, 1985), pp. 80–94Google Scholar; and “The Orang Asli: Aboriginal Policies in Malaysia”, Pacific Affairs 58 no. 4 (1985): 637–52CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

²²⁵ Review of Indonesian and Malaysian Affairs 19, no. 2 (1985): 80–112Google Scholar.

²²⁶ Journal of Social and Economic Studies (New Delhi) 4 (1987): 121–42Google Scholar.

²²⁷ Cf. Dodge, N.N., “The Malay-Aborigine Nexus Under Malay Rule”, Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 137, no. 1 (1981): 1–16CrossRefGoogle Scholar; also Couillard, Marie-Andrée, “The Malays and the ‘Sakai’: Some Comments on their Social Relations in the Malay Peninsula”, Kajian Malaysia 2, no. 1 (1984): 81–108Google Scholar.