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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 April 2011
After the abortive coup of 1965, the army-based government of General Suharto became firmly established in Indonesia. From that year till 1971, a marked feature of the “New Order” government of Suharto was the rapid growth of the Golkar, an army-controlled confederation of anti-communist organizations which was founded in 1964. The name “Golkar” is actually an acronym for Golongan Karya which can be translated as “functional groups”. In the 1971 general election, Golkar won 236 out of 360 seats in Parliament and 64-5 per cent of the popular vote. The huge gains made by Golkar gave the impression then that functional groups had come to stay as a major factor in Indonesian politics. Supported and sponsored by the army, with financial means, transportation and communications facilities at its disposal, the power of the functional groups seemed to overshadow the influence of the other political parties (e.g. Nahdatul Ulama, Partai Nasional Indonesia) that had until recently been the major organizations that dominated Indonesian politics.
page 92 note 1 The National Council was an extra-parliamentary body established by Sukarno on 12 July 1957. It was made up of cabinet ministers, representatives of functional groups and others. Sukarno had planned that the National Council should be a reflection of the nation just as the cabinet was a reflection of Parliament.
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page 98 note 16 See above, p. 95.
page 98 note 17 Madjalah Angkatan Darat (Jakarta) No. 6/VII, June 1957, p. 10.
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