Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-c9gpj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-12T01:38:17.985Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Role of Numeracy in the History of Economic Analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 June 2009

Extract

The popular view among many contemporary economists is that our predecessors were literate but not numerate. Their myopia is curious to those who have the benefit of greater historical perspective. Many early practitioners of political economy can be credited with recognizing that, by their very nature, the problems in which they were interested required them to measure, quantify and enumerate. From the seventeenth century onwards, inquiring minds had already learned to distrust information and ideas that derived from the then traditional qualitative approach to science, which described the sensations associated with objects and events. William Petty's Political Arithmetic is a case in point; it aimed not simply to record and describe reality in terms of

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Ambirajan, S. 1995. “The Delayed Emergence of Econometrics as a Separate Discipline,” in Rima, 1995b.Google Scholar
Bateman, B. W. 1995. “How Mathematical Expectations Came Into Macroeconomics,” in Rima, 1995b.Google Scholar
Blaug, M. 1980. The Methodology of Economics: Or How Economists Explain, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Cairnes, J. E. 1875. The Character and Logical Method of Political Economy, 2d ed; reprint, Kelley, A. M., New York, 1965.Google Scholar
Caldwell, B. 1982. Beyond Positivism: Economic Methodology in the Twentieth Century, Allen and Irwin, London.Google Scholar
Clower, R. 1994. “Economics as an Inductive Science,” Southern Economic Journal, 60, no. 4, 805–14.Google Scholar
Creedy, John. 1986. Edgeworth and the Development of Neoclassical Economics, Basil Blackwell, Oxford.Google Scholar
Dimand, R. W. 1995. “‘I Have No Great Faith in Political Arithmetic’: Adam Smith and Quantitative Political Economy,” in Rima, 1995b.Google Scholar
Epstein, R. J. 1987. A History of Econometrics, North Holland, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Frisch, R. 1929. “Correlation and Scatter in Statistical Variables,” Nordic Statistical Journal, 8, 36102.Google Scholar
Galileo, G. 1628. Discourses and Mathematical Demonstrations Concerning Two Sciences, Northwestern University Press, Chicago 1946.Google Scholar
Hausman, D. M. 1992. Essays on Philosophy and Economic Methodology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Henderson, J. 1995. “Ordering Society: The Early Uses of Classification in the British Statistical Association,” in Rima, 1995b.Google Scholar
Hicks, John R. 1979. Causality in Economics, Basic Books, London.Google Scholar
Howitt, P. 1994. “Cash in Advance: Microfoundations in Retreat,” unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Hutchison, T. 1938. The Significance and Basic Postulates of Economic Theory; reprint, Kelley, A. M., New York, 1965.Google Scholar
Jevons, W. S. 1888. The Theory of Political Economy; reprint, Kelley, A. M., New York, 1965.Google Scholar
Kasper, C. D. 1995. “The New Classical Macroeconomics: A Case Study in The Evolution of Economic Analysis,” in Rima, 1995b.Google Scholar
Katzner, Donald. 1992. “The Role of Empirical Analysis in the Investigation of Situations Involving Ignorance and Historical Time,” Eastern Economic Journal, 17, no. 4, 297302.Google Scholar
Katzner, Donald. 1995. “Simultaneous Economic Behavior Under Conditions of Ignorance and Historical Time,” in Rima, 1995b.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keynes, J. M. 1921. A Treatise on Probability, Macmillan, London.Google Scholar
Keynes, J. N. 1891. The Scope and Method of Political Economics; reprint, Kelley, A. M., New York, 1965.Google Scholar
Kim, J. B. 1995. “Jevons vs. Cairnes on Exact Economic Laws,” in Rima, 1995b.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klein, Judy L. 1995. “The Institutional Origins of Time Series Analysis,” in Rima, 1995b.Google Scholar
Klein, Judy L. 1995. “The Method of Diagrams and the Black Art of Inductive Economics,” in Rima, 1995b.Google Scholar
Kuhn, T. S. 1970. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 7th ed., University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Lakatos, I. 1978. The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes, edited. Worral, J. and Currie, G., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Lester, R. 1946. “Shortcomings of Marginal Analysis for Wage-Employment Problems,” American Economic Review, 36, 6282.Google Scholar
Lucas, R. 1980. “Methods and Problems in Business Cycle Theory,” reprinted in Studies in Business Cycle Theory, MIT Press, Cambridge, 279–96.Google Scholar
Machlup, F. 1946. “Marginal Analysis and Empirical Research,” American Economic Review, 36, 519554.Google Scholar
Machlup, F. 1952. The Economics of Sellers' Competition, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.Google Scholar
Mill, J. S. 1836. “On the Definition of Political Economy and the Method of Investigation Proper to It” in Collected Works of J. S. Mill, 4, edited by Robson, J., University of Toronto Press, Toronto Press, 1967.Google Scholar
Mill, J. S. 1843. A System of Logic, Longmans, Green and Co. London.Google Scholar
Mirowski, P. 1990. More Heat Than Light, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Moore, H. L. 1908. “The Statistical Complement of Pure Economics,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 23, 133.Google Scholar
Morgan, M. 1990. The History of Econometric Ideas, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petty, W. 1690. “Political Arithmetic,” The Economic Writings of Sir William Petty, 1, edited by Hull, C. H., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1899, 233313.Google Scholar
Porter, T. M. 1986. The Rise of Statistical Thinking 1820–1900, Princeton University Press, Princeton.Google Scholar
Rima, I. H. 1992. “Keynes's Vision and Econometric Analysis,” in Keynes and Public Policy After Fifty Years, Theories and Method, edited by Hamouda, O. F. and Smithin, J. N., New York University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Rima, I. H. 1995a. “From Political Arithmetic to Game Theory: An Introduction to Measurement and Quantification in Economics,” in Rima, 1995b.Google Scholar
Rima, I. H., ed. 1995b. Measurement and Quantification in the Development of Economic Analysis, Routledge, London.Google Scholar
Robbins, L. 1932. An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science, Macmillan, London.Google Scholar
Robertson, D. 1951. Utility and All That, George Allen and Unwin, London.Google Scholar
Robinson, J. 1974. History vs. Equilibrium, Thames Polytechnic, London.Google Scholar
Samuelson, Paul. 1947. Foundations of Economic Analysis, Harvard University Press: Cambridge.Google Scholar
Senior, N. W. 1860. “Opening Address as President of Section F,” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 23, 359.Google Scholar
Shabas, Margaret. 1990. A World Ruled by Numbers, Princeton University Press, Princeton.Google Scholar
Shabas, Margaret. 1992. “Breaking Away: History of Economics as History of Science,” History of Political Economy, Spring, 24, no. 1, 187203.Google Scholar
Smith, A. 1776. An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, edited by Edwin, Cannan, Modern Library, New York, 1937.Google Scholar
Stigler, George. 1950. “Development of Utility Theory,” Journal of Political Economy, 18, 1950.Google Scholar
Stigler, S. M. 1986. “The History of Statistics: The Measurement of Uncertainty Before 1900Harvard University Press, Cambridge and The Belknap Press, London.Google Scholar
Tinbergen, J. 19381939. Statistical Testing of Business Cycle Theories, 2 volumes, League of Nations, Geneva.Google Scholar
Vickers, D. 1994. Economics and the Antagonism of Time, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Vining, R. 1949. “Koopmans on the Choice of Variables To Be Studied and of Methods of Measurement,” Review of Economic Statistics, 31, no. 2, 7786; “Reply” by Koopmans, T., 8691; “Rejoinder” by Vining, 9194.Google Scholar
Whewell, W. 1847. The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, Founded Upon Their History, 2d ed., Parker, London.Google Scholar
Woo, H. K. H. 1986. What's Wrong With Formalization in Economics?, California Victoria Press, Newark.Google Scholar