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Further to Articulatory Force and the IPA Revisions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 February 2009

Martin J. Ball
Martin J. Ball
Affiliation:
University of Ulster at Jordanstown, Newtownabbey, Co. Antrim BT37 0QB. N. Ireland
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Extract

I read with interest the note by Leigh Lisker in JIPA 22 (pp 57–61) concerning the problem of marking force of articulation in phonetic transcription, and his regret that the 1989 revisions did not include diacritics for the fortis-lenis distinction. It is true that there exists no universally agreed definition of articulatory force, however, as Professor Lisker points out, phoneticians involved in transcription frequently encounter the need to differentiate sounds of different strength which appear to be the same in other phonetic dimensions.

Type
Phonetic Representation: b) Revision of the IPA
Information
Journal of the International Phonetic Association , Volume 23 , Issue 1 , June 1993 , pp. 39 - 41
Copyright
Copyright © Journal of the International Phonetic Association 1993

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References

Ball, M. J. (1991a). Computer coding of the IPA: Extensions to the IPA. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 21, 36–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ball, M. J. (1991b). Recent developments in the transcription of non-normal speech. Journal of Communication Disorders 24, 59–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ball, M. J., Code, C., Rahilly, J. and Hazlett, D. (forthcoming). Non-segmental aspects of disordered speech: developments in transcription. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics.Google Scholar
Duckworth, M., Allen, G., Hardcastle, W. and Ball, M. J. (1990). Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet for the transcription of atypical speech. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 4, 273–280.Google Scholar