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Distribution of Gymnodinium catenatum Graham cysts and its relation to harmful algae blooms in the northern Gulf of California

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 December 2021

Rigel Castañeda-Quezada Open the ORCID record for Rigel Castañeda-Quezada [Opens in a new window] ,
Ernesto García-Mendoza Open the ORCID record for Ernesto García-Mendoza [Opens in a new window] ,
Rafael Ramírez-Mendoza Open the ORCID record for Rafael Ramírez-Mendoza [Opens in a new window] ,
Javier Helenes Open the ORCID record for Javier Helenes [Opens in a new window] ,
David Rivas Open the ORCID record for David Rivas [Opens in a new window] ,
Alfonsina E. Romo-Curiel Open the ORCID record for Alfonsina E. Romo-Curiel [Opens in a new window]  and
Asunción Lago-Lestón Open the ORCID record for Asunción Lago-Lestón [Opens in a new window]
Rigel Castañeda-Quezada
Affiliation:
Posgrado de Ecología Marina, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carr. Ensenada-Tijuana #3918, CP 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, México
Ernesto García-Mendoza*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Oceanografía Biológica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carr. Ensenada-Tijuana #3918, CP 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, México
Rafael Ramírez-Mendoza
Affiliation:
Departamento de Oceanografía Física, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carr. Ensenada-Tijuana, #3918, CP 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, México
Javier Helenes
Affiliation:
Departamento de Geología, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carr. Ensenada-Tijuana, #3918, CP 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, México;
David Rivas
Affiliation:
Departamento de Oceanografía Biológica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carr. Ensenada-Tijuana #3918, CP 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, México
Alfonsina E. Romo-Curiel
Affiliation:
Departamento de Oceanografía Biológica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carr. Ensenada-Tijuana #3918, CP 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, México
Asunción Lago-Lestón
Affiliation:
Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carr. Ensenada-Tijuana, #3918, CP 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, México
*
Author for correspondence: Ernesto García-Mendoza, E-mail: ergarcia@cicese.mx
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Abstract

Germination of cysts serves as inoculum for the proliferation of some dinoflagellates, and cyst abundance in sediments represents crucial information to understand and possibly predict Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs). Cyst distribution is related to the physical characteristics of the sediments and the hydrodynamics (circulation) of a particular region. In the northern Gulf of California (nGC) several Gymnodinium catenatum HABs have been recorded. However, the presence of resting cysts and the effect of hydrodynamics on their distribution in the nGC have not been investigated. This study evaluated cyst abundance, distribution and their relation to local circulation in surface sediments during two periods that coincided with a non-bloom year condition (July 2016) and after a major HAB registered in the nGC that occurred in January 2017. Also, a numerical ocean model was implemented to characterize the transport and relocation of cysts and sediments in the region. Gymnodinium catenatum cysts were heterogeneously distributed with some areas of high accumulation (as high as 158 cyst g−1, and 27% of total cyst registered). Cysts seemed to be transported in an eastward direction after deposition and accumulated in an extensive area that probably is the seedbed responsible for the initiation of HABs in the region. The nGC is a retention area of cysts (and sediments) that permit the formation of seedbeds that could be important for G. catenatum HAB development. Our results provide key information to understand G. catenatum ecology and specifically, to understand the geographic and temporal appearance of HABs in the nGC.

Keywords

Circulation patternscyst relocationGymnodinium catenatumHABPSPseedbeds
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 101 , Issue 6 , September 2021 , pp. 895 - 909
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom

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