Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T01:01:10.840Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Nature of the Intertidal Zonation of Plants and Animals

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2009

John Colman
John Colman
Affiliation:
From the Plymouth Laboratory and Harvard University
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

1. Church Reef, in Wembury Bay, near Plymouth, was selected for a survey of common intertidal plants and animals.

2. Four traverses were accurately levelled relative to Ordnance Datum, and their floras and faunas examined.

3. The relation between predicted tide levels and probable actual levels is discussed, and the importance of the “splash zone” is stressed.

4. As an outcome of 2 and 3, it appears that on Church Reef the most critical levels on the shore, for the species examined, are: (a) between Mean and Extreme Low Water Springs; (b) between Mean Low Water Neaps and Springs; (c) at Extreme (Lowest) High Water Neaps. The least critical level is Mean Low Water Neaps.

5. Two special problems are presented by the upper limits of Littorina saxatilis and L. neritoides, and by the frontiers between Ascophyllum and Fucus spiralis and between F. spiralis and Pelvetia, where the algæ do not overlap.

6. The work of previous authors is discussed for comparison with the present paper.

7. An important difference is suggested between the nature of the zonation of sedentary animals and plants on the one hand, and that of animals capable of locomotion on the other hand.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 18 , Issue 2 , January 1933 , pp. 435 - 476
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1933

References

REFERENCES

Admiralty Tide Tables. 1929. Part I, Tables for 1930. H.M. Stationery Office, London.Google Scholar
Baker, Sarah M. 1909. On the causes of the Zoning of Brown Seaweeds on the Seashore. New Phytologist. 8, pp. 196–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Batters, E. A. L. 1902. A Catalogue of the British Marine Algæ. . . . Journ. of Bot. Supplement.Google Scholar
Colman, John. 1932. A Statistical Test of the Species Concept in Littorina. Biological Bulletin, 62, p. 3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cotton, A. D. 1912. Clare Island Survey. Marine Algæ. Proc. R. Irish Acad., 31, 1, Part 15, pp. 1–178.Google Scholar
Darwin, Charles. 1851. A Monograph of the Sub-Class Cirripedia. Vol. I. Ray Society.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dautzenburg, PH., et Fischer, H.. 1912. Mollusques provenant des campagnes de L'Hirondelle et de la PrincesseAlice dans les Mers du Nord. Res. Camp. Sci. Monaco, 37, pp. 187–201.Google Scholar
Fränkel, Gottlieb. 1927. Beiträge zur Geotaxis und Phototoxis von Littorina. Zeits. f. vergl. Phys. 5, pp. 585–597.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gowanloch, J. Nelson, and F. Ronald, Hayes. 1926. Contributions to the Study of Marine Gastropods. I. The Physical Factors, Behaviour and Intertidal Life of Littorina. Contrib. to Canad. Biol. and Fisheries, N.S. 3, 4, pp. 133–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, Arthur F. 1879. Littorina litorea Linn., on the American Coast. Science News, April 15th, 1879.Google Scholar
Hayes, F. Ronald. 1929. Contributions to the Study of Marine Gastropods. III. Development, Growth, and Behaviour of Littorina. Contrib. to Canad. Biol. and Fisheries, N.S. 4, p. 26.Google Scholar
Herdman, W. A. 1890. Third Annual Report of the Liverpool Marine Biological Station on Puffin Island. Proc. and Trans, of Liv. Biol. Soc, 4.Google Scholar
Huntsman, A. G. 1918. The Vertical Distribution of Certain Intertidal Animals. Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, Ser. 3, 12.Google Scholar
Johnson, Charles W. 1915. Fauna of New England. 13. List of the Mollusca. Occ. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., p. 7.Google Scholar
Johnson, Duncan S. and Alexander, F. Skutch. 1928 (a). Littoral Vegetation on a Headland of Mt. Desert Island, Maine. I. Submersible or strictly littoral vegetation. Ecology, 9, 2, pp. 188–215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, Duncan S. and Alexander, F. Skutch. 1928 (b). Littoral Vegetation on a Headland of Mt. Desert Island, Maine. II. Tide Pools and the Environment and Classification of Submersible Plant Communities. Ecology, 9, 3, pp. 307–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, Duncan S. and Harlan, H. York. 1915. The Relation of Plants to Tide Levels. Carnegie Inst. Publ., 206, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Marine Biological Association. 1931. Plymouth Marine Fauna. Plymouth, England.Google Scholar
Naylor, Gladys L. 1930. Note on the Distribution of Lichina confinis and L. pygmœa in the Plymouth District. Journ. Mar. Biol. Assoc., N.S., 16, 3, pp. 909–918.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orton, J. H. 1929. Observations on Patella vulgata. Part III. Habitat and Habits. Journ. Mar. Biol. Assoc., N.S., 16, 1.Google Scholar
Pantin, C. F. A. 1931. The Adaptation of Gunda ulvœ to Salinity. I. The Environment. Journ. Exp. Biol., 8, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Segerstråle, Sven G. 1928. Quantitative Studien über den Tierbestand der Fucus-Vegetation in den Schären von Pellinge (an der Südküste Finnlands). Soc. Sci. Fennica (Finska Vetenskaps-Soc). Commentat. Biol., 3, p. 2.Google Scholar
Sumner, Francis B., Raymond, C. Osburn and Leon, J. Cole. 1913. A Biological Survey of the Waters of Woods Hole and Vicinity. Bull. Bur. Fisheries, 31, Washington.Google Scholar
Tandy, Geoffrey. 1931. Notes on Phycological Nomenclature, I. Journal of Botany, 69, p. 225, Sept. 1931, London.Google Scholar
Visscher, J. Paul. 1928. Reactions of the Cyprid Larvæ of Barnacles at the time of Attachment. Biol. Bull. 54, pp. 327–335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Visscher, J. Paul. 1928a. Nature and Extent of Fouling of Ships' Bottoms. Bull. Bur. Fish. 43, 2 (1927).Google Scholar