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Observations by Means of Cine Photography on the Behaviour of the Haptonema in Plankton Flagellates of the Class Haptophyceae

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2009

B. S. C. Leadbeater
B. S. C. Leadbeater*
Affiliation:
Botany Department, Leeds University
*
*Present address: Department of Botany, University of Birmingham, P.O. Box 363, Birmingham 15.
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Extract

INTRODUCTION

Initially the haptonema was recorded as a ‘little additional flagellum’ by Scherffel (1899) when he described Phaeocystis globosa. Similarly, the haptonema was referred to as the ‘third flagellum’ on the apparently tri-flagellate, brackish-water Prymnesium saltans Massart (Massart, 1920). Two further brackish water species of Prymnesium were described by Carter (1937) and all were characterized by a very short immobile ‘third appendage’. Lackey (1939) found a freshwater organism similar to Prymnesium but it possessed a ‘third flagellum’ several times the length of the true flagella. He re-corded that the third appendage was held out rigidly when the cell was at rest but during rapid swimming he was unable to see it and thought that this was due to an extremely rapid beat. He named his new organism Chrysochromulina parva and C. parva Lackey is now the type species of a considerable genus.

Parke, Manton & Clarke (1955,1956,1958,1959) made a study of the light microscopy and fine structure of numerous marine species of Chrysochromulina. Their results showed that the ‘third flagellum’ differed in appearance and structure from that of a true flagellum and hence they decided to call this organelle a haptonema owing to its thread-like form and its ability to adhere to a smooth surface (Parke, Manton & Clarke, 1955). Their observations revealed that the haptonema could attach to a surface by an ‘adhesive tip’ and that the majority of species could coil their haptonemata into a helix and extend it again. In some species, e.g. C. strobilus (Parke, Manton & Clarke, 1959), the haptonema was usually tightly coiled whilst the cell was swimming.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 51 , Issue 1 , February 1971 , pp. 207 - 217
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1971

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References

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