Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-m9pkr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-14T03:49:12.288Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Art. VII—The Northern Frontagers of China. Part III.— The Kara Khitai

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 March 2011

Extract

The history of Central Asia before the days of Jingis Khan is singularly complicated and obscure; and if we are to make our way among its mazes, we can only do so profitably by concentrating our attention on the larger empires which then floúrished, and integrating the scattered facts that have survived to our day about the lesser powers around them. The empire which held this dominant position at the accession of Jingis was that of Kara Khitai, a short-lived, but also an important power, which held sway with more or less authority from the Caspian to the borders of China, and thus formed in some measure a model, upon which the later Mongol Empire was framed, assisting, also, very considerably in its formation, since, when it fell, a large, disciplined and compact territory was added to it. With your permission, I propose to collect together so much of its history as I can meet with, and to clear up some difficulties that attach to it.

Type
Original Communications
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Asiatic Society 1876

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

page 263 note 1 Klaproth, , Nouveau Journal Asiatique, vol. ii. p. 298, note 2.Google Scholar

page 263 note 1 2 id.

page 263 note 1 3 Visdelou, , p. 28.Google Scholar

page 263 note 1 4 Visdelou, , p. 28.Google Scholar

page 263 note 1 5 De Mailla, , vol. viii. p. 399.Google Scholar

page 264 note 1 id. p. 397.

page 264 note 2 id. p. 399.

page 264 note 3 op. cit. p. 28.

page 264 note 4 De Mailla, , op. cit. p. 401.Google Scholar

page 264 note 5 De Mailla, , vol. viii. pp. 409, 410.Google Scholar

page 265 note 1 De Mailla, , vol. viii. pp. 414, 415.Google Scholar

page 265 note 2 De Mailla, , vol. viii. pp. 415418.Google Scholar

page 265 note 3 De Mailla, , vol. viii. p. 415.Google Scholar

page 265 note 4 ibid. p. 419, note; Visdelou, , p. 29.Google Scholar

page 265 note 5 Visdelou, ibid.

page 266 note 1 Yule, 's Mareo Polo, second edition, vol. ii. p. 17.Google Scholar

page 266 note 2 D'Ohsson, , vol. i. p. 84, note.Google Scholar

page 266 note 3 Visdelou, ibid. p. 29.

page 266 note 4 ibid.

page 266 note 5 Mr. Douglas, gloss on Visdelou.

page 268 note 1 Visdelou, , p. 29.Google Scholar

page 269 note 1 Visdelou, , op. cit. pp. 130, 191.Google Scholar

page 270 note 1 op. cit.p. 30.

page 270 note 2 D'Ohsson, , vol. i. p. 442.Google Scholar

page 271 note 1 Juveni, translated by D'Ohsson, , op. cit. vol. i. p. 442.Google Scholar

page 271 note 2 op. cit.p. 154.

page 271 note 3 By this Samarkand is no doubt meant. Visdelou's translation, at this point, is very faulty; he calls the place Tsin se yiu. I have followed Mr. Douglas.

page 272 note 1 Visdelou says 100,000 men commanded by Hursan, but lie is clearly wrong. De Mailla's editor and Mr. Douglas are both agreed in translating the passage as here given.

page 272 note 2 Visdelou, , op. cit. pp. 3031Google Scholar; De Mailla, , op. cit. vol. viii. p. 420.Google Scholar

page 272 note 3 Eaverty's Notes, ibid. pp. 154, 237.

page 272 note 4 i Nasiri, Tabakat, by Eaverty, p. 154.Google Scholar

page 273 note 1 ibid. p. 154.

page 273 note 2 See Raverty's Notes to the i Nasiri, Tabakat, p. 154.Google Scholar

page 273 note 3 ibid. p. 236.

page 273 note 4 Nouveau Journal Asiatique, vol. ii. p. 299.Google Scholar

page 274 note 1 Nouveau Journal Asiatique, vol. ii p. 305, noteGoogle Scholar. See also Journal Asiatique, sixth series, vol. vii. p. 284, ete.Google Scholar

page 274 note 2 Visdelou, , p. 34.Google Scholar

page 274 note 3 Nouveau Journal Asiatique, vol. ii. p. 295.Google Scholar

page 274 note 4 ibid. p. 297.

page 274 note 5 ibid. p. 299.

page 274 note 6 ibid. p. 305.

page 274 note 7 ibid. p. 305; Visdelou, p. 31.

page 274 note 8 Mr. Douglas's note.

page 275 note 1 Visdelou, , p. 31Google Scholar; De Mailla, 's editor, op. cit. vol. viii. p. 420, note.Google Scholar

page 275 note 2 Note by Mr. Douglas; Visdelou, , p. 31.Google Scholar

page 275 note 3 Bretschneider, , p. 114, note 24.Google Scholar

page 275 note 4 id. p. 298, note 1.

page 275 note 5 Nouv. Journ. Asiatique, vol. ii. p. 297.Google Scholar

page 276 note 1 Notes on Chinese Mediæval Travellers, p. 114, note 24.

page 276 note 2 Davezac, , pp. 648 and 751.Google Scholar

page 276 note 3 Davezac, , p. 751.Google Scholar

page 277 note 1 op. cit. p. 70.

page 277 note 2 Mr. Douglas's note; De Mailla, 's editor, vol. viii. p. 420, note.Google Scholar

page 278 note 1 Visdelou, , pp. 3132.Google Scholar

page 278 note 2 ibid. p. 256.

page 279 note 1 De Mailla, , vol. viii. p. 421, note.Google Scholar

page 279 note 2 D'Ohsson, , vol. i. p. 442.Google Scholar

page 279 note 3 Juveni, quoted by D'Ohsson, , op. cit. vol. i. p. 442.Google Scholar

page 279 note 4 The i Nasiri, Tabakat, pp. 236238.Google Scholar

page 279 note 5 De Mailla, , vol. viii. p. 421Google Scholar, note; Visdelou, , op. cit. p. 35.Google Scholar

page 279 note 6 i Nasiri, Tabakat, p. 238.Google Scholar

page 279 note 7 ibid. p. 155.

page 280 note 1 Visdelou, , op. cit. p. 32Google Scholar; De Mailla, says eight, op. cit. vol viii. p. 422.Google Scholar

page 280 note 2 De Mailla, ibid. p. 32.

page 280 note 3 Visdelou, , op. cit. p. 31.Google Scholar

page 280 note 4 op. cit. p. 238.

page 280 note 5 ibid. p. 239, note 8.

page 281 note 1 Visdelou, op. cit. p. 32.

page 281 note 2 ibid. p. 240, note.

page 281 note 3 ibid. p. 240, note.

page 282 note 1 ibid. p. 246.

page 282 note 2 i Nasiri, Tabakat, p. 244, note 3.Google Scholar

page 282 note 3 Von Hammer, , Golden Horde, p. 73Google Scholar; i Nasiri, Tabakat, p. 244, note 4.Google Scholar

page 282 note 4 D'Ohsson, , vol. i. p. 180.Google Scholar

page 282 note 5 i Nasiri, Tabakat, p. 260Google Scholar, note 7.

page 282 note 6 ibid.

page 283 note 1 ibid.

page 283 note 2 Siao seems to have been the family name of the Uighur royal family, and his father is called Siao wa li la by Visdelou.

page 283 note 3 Visdelou says he was named King of the East.

page 283 note 4 De Mailla, , vol. viii. p. 422.Google Scholar

page 283 note 5 Visdelou, , op. cit. p. 32.Google Scholar

page 283 note 6 D'Obsson, , op. cit. vol. i. p. 90.Google Scholar

page 283 note 7 ibid. p. 101.

page 283 note 8 D'Ohsson, , op. cit. vol. i. p. 105Google Scholar; Von Hammer, , Golden Horde, p. 69.Google Scholar

page 284 note 1 Abulghazi, , ed. Desen, vol. ii. p. 93.Google Scholar

page 284 note 2 Abulghazi, , p. 41Google Scholar; D'Ohsson, , vol. i. p. 109Google Scholar; he is styled Partchukorte Tekin by Gaubil, , p. 13Google Scholar; Baltchu ar the by Visdelou; and Bartchu Arte by Klaproth; Memoires Relatifs à l'Asie, vol. ii. p. 335; see D'Ohsson, , vol. i. p. 109, note 1.Google Scholar

page 284 note 3 D'Ohsson, , vol. i. p. 111Google Scholar; Abulghazi, , p. 94.Google Scholar

page 284 note 4 D'Ohsson, , vol. i. p. 111.Google Scholar

page 285 note 1 D'Ohsson, , vol. i. p. 166.Google Scholar

page 285 note 2 D'Ohsson, , vol. i. p. 443.Google Scholar

page 285 note 3 D'Ohsson, , vol. i. pp. 167168.Google Scholar

page 286 note 1 i Nasiri, Tabakat, p. 260, note 7.Google Scholar

page 286 note 2 ibid. p. 261, text.

page 286 note 3 ibid. p. 261, note 8.

page 287 note 1 Raverty's note to the i Nasiri, Tabakat, pp. 263264Google Scholar, chiefly taken from Ya fa i.

page 288 note 1 i Nasiri, Tabakat, p. 264, noteGoogle Scholar; D'Ohsson, , vol. i. p. 168.Google Scholar

page 288 note 2 Visdelou, , p. 32.Google Scholar

page 288 note 3 Visdelou, , p. 32.Google Scholar

page 288 note 4 D'Ohsson, , vol. i. p. 169.Google Scholar

page 289 note 1 D'Ohsson, , vol. i. pp. 111170Google Scholar; Erdmarm, 's Temujin, p. 246.Google Scholar

page 289 note 2 Erdmann, , op. cit. p. 246.Google Scholar

page 289 note 3 D'Ohsson, , vol. i. p. 171.Google Scholar

page 289 note 4 D'Ohsson, , vol. i. pp. 170171.Google Scholar

page 290 note 1 Abulghazi, , ed. Desmaisons, p. 102Google Scholar; D'Ohsson, , vol. i. p. 172.Google Scholar

page 290 note 2 Von Hammer, 's Golden Horde, p. 73.Google Scholar