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“The Dress-Clad, Out Loud Singer of Queer Punks”: Bradford Cox and the Performance of Disability

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 August 2020

Abstract

Bradford Cox's physical appearance has mystified audiences, critics, and fans since the inception of his American indie rock band Deerhunter in the early 2000s. As the band's frontman, Cox is 6’4” with an exceptionally thin, angular frame, physical effects associated with Marfan syndrome. Yet many critics and fans do not recognize that he has a disability per se, instead speculating about possible anorexia, drug abuse, mental illness, and even his gender and sexual orientation. Through analysis of Cox's reception and creative output, I argue that the simultaneous fetishization and normalization of his body is due to its resonance with two overlapping countercultural discourses: the current idealization of thinness in indie rock as it both extends and departs from an earlier tradition of freakery and androgyny in punk. I show that Cox resists what he views as the masculine heteronormativity and performative apathy of indie rock through “freakish” sartorial reference to his androgynous punk idols PJ Harvey, Joey Ramone, and Patti Smith, an aesthetic that for Cox is vitally queer. Cox uses his solo musical output to further convey his alienation as a queer-disabled male artist: through his lyrics, album art, and specific vocal affectations and production techniques, he establishes a continuity across the visual and sonic registers of his identity to ultimately achieve a sense of belonging.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Music 2020

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References

References

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Stras, Laurie. “The Organ of the Soul: Voice, Damage, and Affect.” In Sounding Off: Disability and Music, edited by Lerner, Neil and Straus, Joseph, 172–84. New York: Routledge, 2005.Google Scholar
Straus, Joseph. Extraordinary Measures: Disability in Music. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tuttle, Brian. “Who Killed the Rock Guitar?: Virtuosity in Nineteen-Nineties Alternative Rock.” PhD diss., McGill University, 2013.Google Scholar
Vesey, Alyx. “Bradford Cox's Mission to Queer the Guitar.” Feminist Music Geek (blog), October 8, 2010. https://feministmusicgeek.wordpress.com/2010/10/08/bradford-cox-queer-guitar/.Google Scholar
Waltz, Mitzi, and James, Martin. “The Remarketing of Disability in Pop: Ian Curtis and Joy Division.” Popular Music 28, no. 3 (October 2009): 367–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whiteley, Sheila. “Patti Smith: the Old Grey Whistle Test: BBC-2 TV, May 11, 1976.” In Performance and Popular Music: History, Place, and Time, edited by Inglis, Ian, 8191. Burlington: Ashgate, 2006.Google Scholar
zzzzzz zzzzzz, “Out-There Brother: Bradford Cox on Atlas Sound's Debut Album.” Drowned in Sound (blog), February 19, 2008. http://drownedinsound.com/in_depth/2898133-out-there-brother--bradford-cox-on-atlas-sounds-debut-album.Google Scholar
Atlas Sound. Let the Blind Lead Those Who Can See But Cannot Feel. Kranky Records, 2008, compact disc.Google Scholar
Atlas Sound. Logos. Kranky Records, 2009, compact disc.Google Scholar
Deerhunter. Monomania. 4AD, 2013, compact disc.Google Scholar
Canal180, “180 Meets: Bradford Cox.” YouTube video, October 31, 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HPB553Qq8kQ.Google Scholar
Cody, Bill, and Matthew Robinson. We Fun: Atlanta, GA Inside/Out. A Small Town Scene Became a Worldwide Rock Phenomenon. San Francisco: MVD Entertainment/Kanopy Streaming, 2009. DVD.Google Scholar
Electric Mustache. “Bradford Cox Destroys a Heckler at the End of Atlas Sound Show in Phoenix.” YouTube video, November 6, 2009. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KzkOhRjibs4 .Google Scholar
Knappafire, “Deerhunter—Sleepwalking—All Tomorrow's Parties Deerhunter ATP—26.06.13.” YouTube video, July 13, 2013. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXT8BruHeok .Google Scholar
Levitation. “DEERHUNTER—LIVE APF 2013 “Sleepwalking/Back to Middle.” YouTube video, January 24, 2014. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kiTNs8__At8.Google Scholar
Aaron, Charles. “Artist of the Year: PJ Harvey.” Spin, January 1996.Google Scholar
Aaron, Charles. “Read Charles Aaron's May 2010 ‘Scenes from a Marriage,’ Celebrating Spin's 25th Anniversary.” Spin, February, 11 2014. https://www.spin.com/2014/02/charles-aaron-scenes-from-a-marriage-spin-25-anniversary/Google Scholar
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Andersen, Charlotte Hilton. “Indie Rock Gives Men Eating Disorders.” Huff Post, December 6, 2017. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/indie-rock-gives-men-eati_b_151629?guccounter=1.Google Scholar
Atton, Chris. “Fan Discourse and the Construction of Noise Music as a Genre.” Journal of Popular Music Studies 23, no. 3 (September 2011): 324–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bassett, Jordan. “As His Recent Bizarre Behaviour Shows, Deerhunter's Bradford Cox Hasn't Mellowed—And that's Why We Need Him.” NME, December 9, 2015. https://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-blogs/as-his-recent-bizarre-behaviour-shows-deerhunters-bradford-cox-hasnt-mellowed-and-thats-why-we-need-13072.Google Scholar
“Bradford Cox Rocks in a Weird, Dreamy Way.” Yale News, February 29, 2008. https://yaledailynews.com/blog/2008/02/29/bradford-cox-rocks-in-a-weird-dreamy-way/.Google Scholar
Brannigan, F. “Is Bradford Cox a Skinny Gay Anorexic Asexual Virgin?” Legomenon, May 27, 2013. https://legomenon.com/is-bradford-cox-a-skinny-gay-anorexic-asexual-virgin.html.Google Scholar
Bernstein, Scott. “Be Careful What You Request at Bradford Cox's Shows.” Glide Magazine, March 8, 2012. https://glidemagazine.com/78783/be-careful-what-you-request-at-bradford-coxs-shows/.Google Scholar
Cole, Rachel T. “Beyond Nostalgia: A Conversation with Bradford Cox.” Pitchfork, August 20, 2015. https://pitchfork.com/features/interview/9707-beyond-nostalgia-a-conversation-with-deerhunters-bradford-cox/.Google Scholar
Crumsho, Michael. “Dusted Review: Atlas Sound—Let the Blind Lead Those Who Can See But Cannot Feel.” Dusted, February 18, 2008.Google Scholar
Daschuk, Mitch Douglas. “The Significance of Artistic Criticism in the Production of Punk Subcultural Authenticity: The Case Study of Against Me!Journal of Youth Studies 14, no. 5 (2011): 605–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dolan, Emily. “‘…This Little Ukulele Tells the Truth’: Indie Pop and Kitsch Authenticity.” Popular Music 29, no. 3 (October 2010): 457–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elan, Priya. “Indie's Obsession with Skinny.” Guardian, December 8, 2008. https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2008/dec/08/indie-music-weight.Google Scholar
Fitzmaurice, Larry. “Bradford Cox.” Pitchfork, November 11, 2011. http://pitchfork.com/features/interviews/8707-bradford-cox/.Google Scholar
Fitzmaurice, Larry. “Deerhunter.” Pitchfork, April 29, 2013. https://pitchfork.com/features/article/9122-deerhunter/.Google Scholar
Fonarow, Wendy. Empire of Dirt: The Aesthetics and Rituals of British Indie Music. Middleton, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Garland-Thomson, Rosemarie, ed. Freakery: Cultural Spectacles of the Extraordinary Body. New York: New York University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Garland-Thomson, Rosemarie. Staring: How We Look. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Globe, Corban. “Bradford Cox Covers ‘My Sharona’ for an Hour in Concert.” Stereogum, March 6, 2012. http://www.stereogum.com/969681/bradford-cox-covers-my-sharona-for-an-hour-in-concert/video/.Google Scholar
Good, Dave. “Deerhunter.” San Diego Reader, November 25, 2008. https://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2008/nov/25/deerhunter/.Google Scholar
Grose, Jessica. “Manorexia: The Hippest Disease since the Clap.” Spin, January 24, 2006. https://www.spin.com/2006/01/manorexia-hippest-disease-clap/.Google Scholar
Hattenstone, Simon. “Patti Smith: Punk, Poet, Queen.” Guardian, May 25, 2013. https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/may/25/patti-smith-interview-punk-poet.Google Scholar
Harmonicait. “15 Bizarre Quotes from Bradford Cox's Deerhunter Press Conference.” Pigeonsandplanes, May 6, 2013. https://www.complex.com/pigeons-and-planes/2013/05/15-weirdest-quotes-from-bradford-coxs-deerhunter-press-conference/.Google Scholar
Hesmondhalgh, David. “Indie: The Institutional Politics and Aesthetics of a Popular Music Genre.” Cultural Studies 13, no. 1 (1999): 3641.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hibbetto, Ryan. “What is Indie Rock?Popular Music and Society 28, no. 1 (2005): 5577.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hogan, Mark. “Atlas Sound.” Pitchfork, January 14, 2008. https://pitchfork.com/features/interview/6763-atlas-sound/.Google Scholar
Hogan, Mark. “Reviews: Atlas Sound: Let the Blind Lead Those Who Can See But Cannot Feel.” Pitchfork, February 19, 2008. https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/11160-let-the-blind-lead-those-who-can-see-but-cannot-feel/.Google Scholar
Hogan, Mark. “Bradford Cox Fronts Black Lips as Joey Ramone.” Spin, September 13, 2011. http://www.spin.com/articles/bradford-cox-fronts-black-lips-joey-ramone/.Google Scholar
Holmes, Jessica A. “Expert Listening beyond the Limits of Hearing: Music and Deafness.” Journal of the American Musicological Society 70, no. 1 (Spring 2017): 171220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howe, Blake. “Disabling Music Performance.” In The Oxford Handbook of Music and Disability, edited by Howe, Blake, Moulton, Stephanie Jensen, Lerner, Neil, and Straus, Joseph, 191209. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Howe, Blake, Jensen-Moulton, Stephanie, Lerner, Neil, and Straus, Joseph. “Introduction: Disability Studies in Music, Music in Disability Studies.” In The Oxford Handbook of Music and Disability Studies, edited by Howe, Blake, Jensen-Moulton, Stephanie, Lerner, Neil, and Straus, Joseph. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Jones, Jeannette DiBernardo. “Imagined Hearing: Music-Making in Deaf Culture.” In The Oxford Handbook of Music and Disability Studies, edited by Howe, Blake, Jensen-Moulton, Stephanie, Lerner, Neil, and Straus, Joseph, 5472. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Krasnow, Michael. My Life as a Male Anorexic. New York: Routledge, 1996.Google Scholar
Kreps, Daniel. “Deerhunter's Bradford Cox Talks Post-Accident Depression.” Rolling Stone, August 24, 2015. https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/deerhunters-bradford-cox-talks-post-accident-depression-63460/.Google Scholar
Kruse, Holly. Sight and Sound: Understanding Independent Music Scenes. New York: P. Lang, 2003.Google Scholar
McKay, George. Shakin’ All Over: Popular Music and Disability. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2015.Google Scholar
McKay, George. “Skinny Blues: Karen Carpenter, Anorexia Nervosa and Popular Music.” Popular Music 31, no. 1 (2017): 121.Google Scholar
McRuer, Robert. “Compulsory Able-Bodiedness and Queer/Disabled Existence.” In The Disability Studies Reader. 2nd ed., edited by Davis, Lennard J., 8899. New York: Routledge, 2006.Google Scholar
Maler, Anabel. “Songs for Hands: Analyzing Interactions of Sign Language and Music.Music Theory Online 19, no. 1 (March 2013). https://mtosmt.org/issues/mto.13.19.1/mto.13.19.1.maler.html.Google Scholar
Maler, Anabel. “Musical Expression Among Deaf and Hearing Song Signers.” In The Oxford Handbook of Music and Disability Studies, edited by Howe, Blake, Jensen-Moulton, Stephanie, Lerner, Neil, and Straus, Joseph, 7391. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Massey, Bob. “Too Weird for Weirdos: Deerhunter.” Washington Post, August 29, 3007. https://www.washingtonpost.com/express/wp/2007/08/30/too_weird_for_weirdos_deerhunter/?utm_term=.75be2430298c.Google Scholar
McClure, Andrew. “Letter to the Editor: Bradford Cox and the Lesson of the Ugly Weirdo.” Michigan Daily, March 19, 2015. https://www.michigandaily.com/arts/03bradford-cox-and-lesson-ugly-weirdo20.Google Scholar
Parker, Chris. “White-Trash Queer.” Cleveland Scene, July 11, 2007. https://www.clevescene.com/cleveland/white-trash-queer/Content?oid=1499143.Google Scholar
Perpetua, Matthew. “The Dark Arts of Bradford Cox.” BuzzFeed, December 3, 2015. https://www.buzzfeed.com/perpetua/bradford-cox-interview-2015?utm_term=.ogeANlVww#.exg25WPvv.Google Scholar
Perpetua, Matthew. “Bradford Cox Talks Nervous Breakdown.” Rolling Stone, November 7, 2016. https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/bradford-cox-talks-nervous-breakdown-new-atlas-sound-album-234857.Google Scholar
Pfeil, Fred. White Guys: Studies in Postmodern Domination and Difference. New York: Verso, 1995.Google Scholar
Powell, Christopher. “Interviewing’ Bradford Cox of Deerhunter.” Impose, April 29, 2013. https://imposemagazine.com/features/bradford-cox-of-deerhunter.Google Scholar
Rizzo, Mary. “Embodying Withdrawal: Abjection and the Popularity of the Heroin Chic.Michigan Feminist Studies 15 (2001). http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?cc=mfsfront;c=mfs;c=mfsfront;idno=ark5583.0015.004;rgn=main;view=text;xc=1;g=mfsg.Google Scholar
Robette, Nicolas. “Pitchfork, the ‘Pravda of Indie Rock’?: The Power of Prescription in the Field of Rock Criticism.” Genèses 15, no. 3 (2016): 120–40. https://www.cairn-int.info/article-E_GEN_105_0120--pitchfork-the-pravda-of-indie.htm.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schreiber, Ryan. “Deerhunter.” Pitchfork, June 11, 2007. https://pitchfork.com/features/interview/6626-deerhunter/.Google Scholar
Solarski, Matthew. “Bradford Cox Publicly Apologizes to Samara Lubelski.” Pitchfork, December 12, 2007. https://pitchfork.com/news/28290-bradford-cox-publicly-apologizes-to-samara-lubelski/.Google Scholar
Stras, Laurie. “The Organ of the Soul: Voice, Damage, and Affect.” In Sounding Off: Disability and Music, edited by Lerner, Neil and Straus, Joseph, 172–84. New York: Routledge, 2005.Google Scholar
Straus, Joseph. Extraordinary Measures: Disability in Music. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tuttle, Brian. “Who Killed the Rock Guitar?: Virtuosity in Nineteen-Nineties Alternative Rock.” PhD diss., McGill University, 2013.Google Scholar
Vesey, Alyx. “Bradford Cox's Mission to Queer the Guitar.” Feminist Music Geek (blog), October 8, 2010. https://feministmusicgeek.wordpress.com/2010/10/08/bradford-cox-queer-guitar/.Google Scholar
Waltz, Mitzi, and James, Martin. “The Remarketing of Disability in Pop: Ian Curtis and Joy Division.” Popular Music 28, no. 3 (October 2009): 367–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whiteley, Sheila. “Patti Smith: the Old Grey Whistle Test: BBC-2 TV, May 11, 1976.” In Performance and Popular Music: History, Place, and Time, edited by Inglis, Ian, 8191. Burlington: Ashgate, 2006.Google Scholar
zzzzzz zzzzzz, “Out-There Brother: Bradford Cox on Atlas Sound's Debut Album.” Drowned in Sound (blog), February 19, 2008. http://drownedinsound.com/in_depth/2898133-out-there-brother--bradford-cox-on-atlas-sounds-debut-album.Google Scholar
Atlas Sound. Let the Blind Lead Those Who Can See But Cannot Feel. Kranky Records, 2008, compact disc.Google Scholar
Atlas Sound. Logos. Kranky Records, 2009, compact disc.Google Scholar
Deerhunter. Monomania. 4AD, 2013, compact disc.Google Scholar
Canal180, “180 Meets: Bradford Cox.” YouTube video, October 31, 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HPB553Qq8kQ.Google Scholar
Cody, Bill, and Matthew Robinson. We Fun: Atlanta, GA Inside/Out. A Small Town Scene Became a Worldwide Rock Phenomenon. San Francisco: MVD Entertainment/Kanopy Streaming, 2009. DVD.Google Scholar
Electric Mustache. “Bradford Cox Destroys a Heckler at the End of Atlas Sound Show in Phoenix.” YouTube video, November 6, 2009. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KzkOhRjibs4 .Google Scholar
Knappafire, “Deerhunter—Sleepwalking—All Tomorrow's Parties Deerhunter ATP—26.06.13.” YouTube video, July 13, 2013. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXT8BruHeok .Google Scholar
Levitation. “DEERHUNTER—LIVE APF 2013 “Sleepwalking/Back to Middle.” YouTube video, January 24, 2014. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kiTNs8__At8.Google Scholar