The costing technique known variously as Controlled Funding, Stabilized Costing and Aggregate Costing, is a comparatively recent development in the field of Life Office group pension schemes. Before explaining and discussing the methods used, it may be helpful to outline the principal types of Life Office group pension scheme, and to examine the more traditional methods of costing employed. It should be made clear at the outset that the term ‘group pension scheme’ relates to schemes insured by means of group deferred annuity contracts and approved under section 388(1) or section 379(3) of the Income Tax Act, 1952—endowment assurance schemes and group life assurance schemes are not within the scope of this paper.