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Engineering the emergence of norms: a review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 August 2017

Chris Haynes ,
Michael Luck ,
Peter McBurney ,
Samhar Mahmoud ,
Tomáš Vítek  and
Simon Miles
Chris Haynes
Affiliation:
Department of Informatics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS e-mail: christopher.haynes@kc.ac.uk, michael.luck@kcl.ac.uk, peter.mcburney@kcl.ac.uk, tomas.vitek@kcl.ac.uk, simon.miles@kcl.ac.uk
Michael Luck
Affiliation:
Department of Informatics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS e-mail: christopher.haynes@kc.ac.uk, michael.luck@kcl.ac.uk, peter.mcburney@kcl.ac.uk, tomas.vitek@kcl.ac.uk, simon.miles@kcl.ac.uk
Peter McBurney
Affiliation:
Department of Informatics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS e-mail: christopher.haynes@kc.ac.uk, michael.luck@kcl.ac.uk, peter.mcburney@kcl.ac.uk, tomas.vitek@kcl.ac.uk, simon.miles@kcl.ac.uk
Samhar Mahmoud
Affiliation:
Department of Informatics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS e-mail: christopher.haynes@kc.ac.uk, michael.luck@kcl.ac.uk, peter.mcburney@kcl.ac.uk, tomas.vitek@kcl.ac.uk, simon.miles@kcl.ac.uk
Tomáš Vítek
Affiliation:
Department of Informatics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS e-mail: christopher.haynes@kc.ac.uk, michael.luck@kcl.ac.uk, peter.mcburney@kcl.ac.uk, tomas.vitek@kcl.ac.uk, simon.miles@kcl.ac.uk
Simon Miles
Affiliation:
Department of Informatics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS e-mail: christopher.haynes@kc.ac.uk, michael.luck@kcl.ac.uk, peter.mcburney@kcl.ac.uk, tomas.vitek@kcl.ac.uk, simon.miles@kcl.ac.uk
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Abstract

Complex systems often exhibit emergent behaviour, unexpected macro-level behaviour caused by the interaction of micro-level components. In multiagent systems, these micro-level components may be autonomous agents and the emergent behaviour may be expressed as norms—patterns of behaviour that arise among the agents in response to their environment and each other. These emergent norms may be beneficial (e.g. by encouraging cooperative behaviour), or detrimental, but in either case it is useful to recognize these norms as they emerge and either encourage or discourage their establishment. We term this process engineering the emergence of norms and have identified three steps: the identification of a possible norm, evaluation of its benefit and its encouragement (or discouragement). This paper is an attempt to provide a survey of existing research related to these steps. We also provide an analysis of the approaches based upon their suitability for a variety of normative systems: we examine the requirements for agents to have autonomy over their choice of norms, the degree of observability required in the system, and the norm enforcement methods. The paper concludes with an discussion of open issues.

Type
Articles
Information
The Knowledge Engineering Review , Volume 32 , 2017 , e18
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press, 2017 

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