Hostname: page-component-7bb8b95d7b-wpx69 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-09-13T10:04:57.196Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Computer simulation and experimental benchmarking of ultrashort pulse laser ablation of metallic targets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2018

Anastassiya Suslova ,
Ahmed Elsied  and
Ahmed Hassanein
Anastassiya Suslova*
Affiliation:
Center for Materials Under Extreme Environment (CMUXE), School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
Ahmed Elsied
Affiliation:
Center for Materials Under Extreme Environment (CMUXE), School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
Ahmed Hassanein
Affiliation:
Center for Materials Under Extreme Environment (CMUXE), School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
*
Author for correspondence: A. Suslova, Center for Materials Under Extreme Environment (CMUXE), School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA, E-mail: asuslova@purdue.edu, phone +1 765-409-6911
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Integrated simulation results of femtosecond laser ablation of copper were compared with new experimental data. The numerical analysis was performed using our newly developed FEMTO-2D computer package based on the solution of the two-temperature model. Thermal dependence of target optical and thermodynamic processes was carefully considered. The experimental work was conducted with our 40 fs 800 nm Ti:sapphire laser in the energy range from 0.14 mJ to 0.77 mJ. Comparison of measured ablation profiles with simulation predictions based on phase explosion criterion has demonstrated that more than one ablation mechanisms contribute to the total material removal even in the laser intensity range where explosive boiling is dominating. Good correlation between experimental and simulation results was observed for skin depth and hot electron diffusion depth – two parameters commonly considered to identify two ablation regimes in metal. Analysis of the development dynamics for electron–lattice coupling and electron thermal conduction allowed explaining different ablation regimes because of the interplay of the two parameters.

Keywords

Explosive boilingspallationtwo-temperature modelultrashort pulse laser ablation
Type
Research Article
Information
Laser and Particle Beams , Volume 36 , Issue 1 , March 2018 , pp. 144 - 153
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anisimov, SI, Kapeliovich, BL and Perelman, TL (1974) Electron emission from metal surfaces exposed to ultrashort laser pulses. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics 66, 776–781.Google Scholar
Bulgakova, NM and Bourakov, IM (2002) Phase explosion under ultrashort pulsed laser ablation: modeling with analysis of metastable state of melt. Applied Surface Science 197–198, 41–44.Google Scholar
Byskov-Nielsen, J, Savolainen, J-M, Christensen, MS and Balling, P (2011) Ultra-short pulse laser ablation of copper, silver and tungsten: experimental data and two-temperature model simulations. Applied Physics A 103(2), 447–453.Google Scholar
Chen, JK and Beraun, JE (2003) Modelling of ultrashort laser ablation of gold films in vacuum. Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics 5(3), 168–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, Z, Sametoglu, V, Tsui, YY, Ao, T and Ng, A (2012) Flux-Limited Nonequilibrium Electron Energy Transport in Warm Dense Gold. Physical Review Letters 108(16), 165001.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cheng, C-W and Chen, J-K (2016) Drilling of Copper Using a Dual-Pulse Femtosecond Laser. Technologies 4(1), 7.Google Scholar
Chicbkov, BN, Momma, C, Nolte, S, Yon Alvensleben, F and Tiinnermann, A (1996) Femtosecond, picosecond and nanosecond laser ablation of solids. Applied Physics 63, 109–115.Google Scholar
Colombier, JP, Combis, P, Bonneau, F, Le Harzic, R and Audouard, E (2005) Hydrodynamic simulations of metal ablation by femtosecond laser irradiation. Physical Review B 71(16), 165406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eidmann, K, Meyer-ter-Vehn, J, Schlegel, T and Hüller, S (2000) Hydrodynamic simulation of subpicosecond laser interaction with solid-density matter. Physical Review E 62(1), 1202–1214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fisher, D, Fraenkel, M, Henis, Z, Moshe, E and Eliezer, S (2001) Interband and intraband (Drude) contributions to femtosecond laser absorption in aluminum. Physical Review E 65(1), 16409.Google Scholar
Fisher, D, Fraenkel, M, Zinamon, Z, Henis, Z, Moshe, E, Horovitz, Y, Luzon, E, Maman, S and Eliezer, S (2005) Intraband and interband absorption of femtosecond laser pulses in copper. Laser and Particle Beams 23(3), 391–393.Google Scholar
Furusawa, K, Takahashi, K, Kumagai, H, Midorikawa, K and Obara, M (1999) Ablation characteristics of Au, Ag, and Cu metals using a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser. Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing 69(7), S359–S366.Google Scholar
Gamaly, E (2011) Femtosecond Laser-Matter Interaction: Theory, Experiments and Applications. Singapore: Pan Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd.Google Scholar
Hashida, M, Semerok, A, Gobert, O, Petite, G, Izawa, Y and Wagner, J - (2002) Ablation threshold dependence on pulse duration for copper. Applied Surface Science 197–198, 862–867.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hassanein, A (1983) Modeling the interaction of high power ion or electron beams with solid target materials. Report No. ANL/FPP/TM-179. Chicago, IL: Argon National Laboratory.Google Scholar
Hassanein, A, Kulcinski, GL and Wolfer, WG (1984) Surface melting and evaporation during disruptions in magnetic fusion reactors. Nuclear Engineering and Design. Fusion 1(3), 307–324.Google Scholar
Hirayama, Y and Obara, M (2005) Heat-affected zone and ablation rate of copper ablated with femtosecond laser. Journal of Applied Physics 97(6), 64903.Google Scholar
Hohlfeld, J, Wellershoff, S-S, Güdde, J, Conrad, U, Jähnke, V and Matthias, E (2000) Electron and lattice dynamics following optical excitation of metals. Chemical Physics 251(1), 237–258.Google Scholar
Hypsh, S, Shannon, J and Shannon, G (2015) Femtosecond Laser Processing of Metal and Plastics. Medical Desigm Technology. Retrieved from https://www.mdtmag.com/article/2015/08/femtosecond-laser-processing-metal-and-plasticsGoogle Scholar
Kirkwood, SE, Tsui, YY, Fedosejevs, R, Brantov, AV and Bychenkov, VY (2009) Experimental and theoretical study of absorption of femtosecond laser pulses in interaction with solid copper targets. Physical Review B 79(14), 144120.Google Scholar
Lewis, LJ and Perez, D (2009) Laser ablation with short and ultrashort laser pulses: basic mechanisms from molecular-dynamics simulations. Applied Surface Science 255(10), 5101–5106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Q, Lao, H, Lin, J, Chen, Y and Chen, X (2011) Study of femtosecond ablation on aluminum film with 3D two-temperature model and experimental verifications. Applied Physics A 105(1), 125–129.Google Scholar
Lin, Z (2007) Temperature dependences of the electron–phonon coupling, electron heat capacity and thermal conductivity in Ni under femtosecond laser irradiation. Applied Surface Science 253(15), 6295–6300.Google Scholar
Lin, Z, Zhigilei, LV and Celli, V (2008) Electron-phonon coupling and electron heat capacity of metals under conditions of strong electron-phonon nonequilibrium. Physical Review B 77(7), 75133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loboda, PA, Smirnov, NA, Shadrin, AA and Karlykhanov, NG (2011) Simulation of absorption of femtosecond laser pulses in solid-density copper. High Energy Density Physics 7(4), 361–370.Google Scholar
Mannion, P , Magee, J, Coyne, E, O'Connor, G and Glynn, T (2004) The effect of damage accumulation behaviour on ablation thresholds and damage morphology in ultrafast laser micro-machining of common metals in air. Applied Surface Science 233(1–4), 275–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miotello, A and Kelly, R (1995) Critical assessment of thermal models for laser sputtering at high fluences. Applied Physics Letters 67(24), 3535.Google Scholar
Perez, D and Lewis, LJ (2002) Ablation of Solids under Femtosecond Laser Pulses. Physical Review Letters 89(25), 255504.Google Scholar
Perez, D and Lewis, LJ (2003) Molecular-dynamics study of ablation of solids under femtosecond laser pulses. Physical Review B 67(18), 184102.Google Scholar
Polek, MP (2015) Effects of femtosecond laser irradiation of metallic and dielectric materials in the low-to-high fluence regimes, MS thesis, Purdue University.Google Scholar
Preuss, S, Demchuk, A and Stuke, M (1995) Sub-picosecond UV laser ablation of metals. Applied Physics A Materials Science & Processing 61(1), 33–37.Google Scholar
Price, DF, More, RM, Walling, RS, Guethlein, G, Shepherd, RL, Stewart, RE and White, WE (1995) Absorption of ultrashort laser pulses by solid targets heated rapidly to temperatures 1–1000 eV. Physical Review Letters 75(2), 252–255.Google Scholar
Schmidt, V, Husinsky, W and Betz, G (2002) Ultrashort laser ablation of metals: pump–probe experiments, the role of ballistic electrons and the two-temperature model. Applied Surface Science 197, 145–155.Google Scholar
Sokolowski-Tinten, K, Bialkowski, J, Cavalleri, A, Von der Linde, D, Oparin, A, Meyer-ter-Vehn, J and Anisimov, SI (1998) Transient states of matter during short pulse laser ablation. Physical Review Letters 81(1), 224–227.Google Scholar
Suslova, A and Hassanein, A (2017a) Femtosecond laser absorption, heat propagation, and damage threshold analysis for Au coating on metallic substrates. Applied Surface Science 422, 295–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suslova, A and Hassanein, A (2017b) Simulation of femtosecond laser absorption by metallic targets and their thermal evolution. Laser and Particle Beams 35(3), 415–428.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suslova, A and Hassanein, A (2018) Numerical simulation of ballistic electron dynamics and heat transport in metallic targets exposed to ultrashort laser pulse. Journal of Applied Physics (under review).Google Scholar
Wang, SY, Ren, Y, Cheng, CW, Chen, JK and Tzou, DY (2013) Micromachining of copper by femtosecond laser pulses. Applied Surface Science 265, 302–308.Google Scholar
Wellershoff, S-S, Hohlfeld, J, Güdde, J and Matthias, E (1999) The role of electron–phonon coupling in femtosecond laser damage of metals. Applied Physics A 69, 99–107.Google Scholar
Yang, J, Zhao, Y and Zhu, X (2007) Theoretical studies of ultrafast ablation of metal targets dominated by phase explosion. Applied Physics A 89(2), 571–578.Google Scholar
Zhao, X (2014) Ultrashort Laser Pulse - Matter Interaction: Fundamentals and Early Stage Plasma Dynamics. PhD thesis, Purdue University, IN.Google Scholar
Zhigilei, LV, Ivanov, DS, Leveugle, E, Sadigh, B and Bringa, EM (2004) Computer modeling of laser melting and spallation of metal targets. In C. R. Phipps, ed., High-Power laser Ablation V, SPIE Proceedings, p. 15.Google Scholar
Zhigilei, LV, Lin, Z and Ivanov, DS (2009) Atomistic modeling of short pulse laser ablation of metals: connections between melting, spallation, and phase explosion. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 113(27), 11892–11906.Google Scholar