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Concepts of Ethnicity and Culture in Andean Archaeology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Emily M. Stovel
Emily M. Stovel*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Ripon College, WI 54971 and Instituto de Investigatión Arqueológica y Museo Gustavo Le Paige, Universidad Católica del Norte, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile (stovele@ripon.edu),
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Abstract

Although Andean archaeology has long used the term “ethnic” to refer to human groups, new understandings of ethnicity have injected less static understandings of contextualized identity construction into our models of the past. A review of recent work on ethnicity in the field reveals, however, that methodological approaches to these social entities do not always follow suit and rather favor normative synchronie comparisons. This paper explores the origins and trends in the study of ethnic groups and ethnicity in Andean archaeology, arguing that we may be seeing the persistence of the culture concept in the guise of ethnicity. It also examines best practices in the literature in order to make recommendations concerning the adoption of local, contextual, and diachronic methods in conjunction with multiple lines of evidence. These practices are more likely to expose the processes of identity construction by rendering explicit the relationships among culture, ethnicity, and the use of emblemic material culture. It argues, thereby, for the provision of proof of this process rather than its assertion.

A pesar de que la arqueología andina haya utilizado durante mucho tiempo el término “étnico” para referirse a los grupos humanos en el pasado, una nueva definición de la etnicidad ha producido una visión menos estática de la construcción contextualizada de identidades. Sin embargo, el presente trabajo, tras la exploración de trabajos recientes sobre la etnicidad, revela que los enfoques metodológicos empleados no siempre siguen esta nueva trayectoria y por lo tanto favorecen comparaciones normativas sincrónicas. Este artículo explora los orígenes y las tendencias en el estudio de los grupos étnicos y la etnicidad en la arqueología andina, proponiendo que quizá estamos frente a la persistencia del concepto de cultura detrás del uso actual del concepto de etnicidad. A su vez, examina las mejores prácticas en la literatura con el fin de ofrecer recomendaciones sobre la adopción de una metodología contextual y diacrònica aplicando múltiples líneas de evidencia que nos dejarán más cerca de la construcción de la identidad en el pasado. Asimismo, es clave hacer explícitas las relaciones entre cultura, etnicidad, y el uso emblemático de la cultura material. Por ende, pide la comprobación explicita de estos procesos en lugar de su suposición de antemano.

Type
Articles
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 24 , Issue 1 , March 2013 , pp. 3 - 20
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2013

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