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A Crisis of Identity: Late Classic Competition and Interaction on the Southeast Maya Periphery

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Edward Schortman  and
Seiichi Nakamura
Edward Schortman
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology and Sociology, Kenyon College, Gambier, OH 43022
Seiichi Nakamura
Affiliation:
La Entrada Archaeological Project, Colonia Vanessa, La Entrada, Copán, Honduras, Central America
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Abstract

Archaeologists frequently assume that when cultures interact with each other the most complex partner dominates the transactions. We propose that this is a misleadingly simple view of a complex process. A framework for modeling intersocietal interaction and understanding its sociopolitical consequences is outlined here. This theoretical structure calls attention to who is actually involved in the interaction process, how these transactions are carried out, and what the goals of the contact partners are. The complex material patterns from two neighboring areas of Late Classic (A. D. 600-950) southeast Mesoamerica are then examined using the proposed model to see what insights into ancient interaction processes it can provide.

Los arqueólogos frecuentemente asumen que las culturas son entidades homogéneas que interactúan mutuamente, y cuando esto sucede, la parte más compleja domina. En este trabajo se propone que éste es un punto de vista erróneo y demasiado simplista, ya que el proceso es complejo. Las interacciones entre sociedades se lleva a cabo no por culturas, sino por facciones dentro de las sociedades en cuestión. Estas facciones interactúan bajo la perspectiva de la identidad social, en tanto que categoría aceptada por todas las partes. El marco de referencia del modelo de interacción de sociedades y de sus consecuencias sociopolíticas está diseñado utilizando este concepto. Esta estructura teórica pone énfasis sobre el agente involucrado en el proceso de interacción, en la forma en que estas relaciones se llevan a cabo y en las metas que tienen las partes en contacto.

En dos regiones adyacentes del sureste de Mesoamérica (el valle del Bajo Motagua, Guatemala, y la región de La Entrada, Honduras) durante el Clásico Tardío (600-900 D. C.), se observaron tres patrones complejos con base en datos arqueológicos. Estos son: el patrón de las tierras bajas mayas, el patrón del Bajo Motagua y el patrón de transformación cultural intermedia. En este artículo, se examinan estos tres patrones utilizando el modelo propuesto para ver qué perspectivas emergen respecto del proceso de interacción en la antigüedad. En consecuencia, se propone una hipótesis que considera que la formación de estos tres patrones de interacción entre las élites se origina por competencia sobre recursos y por el deseo de las élites de facilitar, controlar y monopolizar los flujos interregionales. Asimismo, en el transfondo de la formación de estos ambientes se supone que se encuentra el conflicto entre Copán y Quiriguá, durante el siglo VIII.

Type
Articles
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 2 , Issue 4 , December 1991 , pp. 311 - 336
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 1991

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