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A Frontier Perspective on Paracas Society and Nasca Ethnogenesis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Hendrik Van Gijseghem
Hendrik Van Gijseghem*
Affiliation:
Département d'Anthropologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7 (h.van.gijseghem@gmail.com)
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Abstract

It has long been recognized that the Nasca culture (ca. A.D. 1–750) of the Peruvian south coast finds its roots in the Paracas society (ca. 800 B.C.–A.D. 1). Yet the social mechanisms responsible for the innovations that characterize the transition are poorly known. The southern Nasca region, which became the most dynamic region in terms of ceremonial life and intervalley integration, however, was never an important area of Paracas occupation. In this article I use literature on migration and frontier development to explain the genesis of Nasca society. Four phenomena that are common on historical frontiers seem to have been at play in the southern Nasca region: initial simplification of hierarchy, pioneer effect, “wealth-in-people,” and factionalism. Based on data from excavations at La Puntilla, a settlement that spanned the Late Paracas—Initial Nasca transition, I argue that the needs of interregional integration and cooperation following initial settlement of the frontier by Paracas populations and subsequent demographic growth prompted the genesis of Nasca society. The proposed long-term scenario also provides a context for later innovations in water management and agricultural intensification.

La cultura Nasca (ca. 1–750 d.C.) de la costa sur peruana tiene sus raíces en la sociedad Paracas (ca. 800 a.C.–1 d.C.); aunque los mecanismos sociales responsables de las innovaciones que caracterizan su transición son desconocidos. Sin embargo, el sur de Nasca, que se convertió en la región más dinámica para el ceremonialismo y la integración inter-valles, nunca fue un área importante de la ocupación Paracas. En este artículo utilizo literatura sobre la migración y el desarrollo de fronteras para entender la génesis de la sociedad Nasca. Cuatro fenómenos, comunes en las fronteras históricas, parecen haber occurido en el sur de Nasca: simplificación inicial de las bases jerárquicas, efecto pionero, enriquecimiento de la gente y faccionalismo. De acuerdo con los datos procedentes de excavaciones en el sitio La Puntilla, un sitio de la transición Paracas Tardío—Nasca Inicial, argumento que la génesis de la sociedad Nasca respondió a necesidades de integración y de cooperación interregional posteriores al establecimiento inicial de la frontera por las poblaciones de Paracas y al subsiguiente crecimiento de la población. El escenario propuesto provee igualmente un contexto para comprender mejor las innovaciones en el manejo hidraúlico y la intensificación agrícola.

Type
Articles
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 17 , Issue 4 , December 2006 , pp. 419 - 444
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2006

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