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Huancas and Rituals of Fertility in the farming Landscape of the Northern Calchaqui Valley (Salta, Argentina)
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 January 2017
Abstract
In this article, we describe the material record associated with the ritual performances of prehispanic farming communities in Las Pailas (Salta Province, Argentina), and how these practices are maintained and resignified by current inhabitants of the area. The archaeological site of Las Pailas located in the northern Calchaqui Valley was an enclave composed of a large farming area and a complex hydraulic network that was continuously occupied from the beginning of the Christian era to the Spanish invasion. Las Pailas features several huancas, elongated stones characterized as menhirs or monoliths, which are located in the center of farming enclosures individually or in pairs. Based on their different morphologies and sizes, they were classified into five types. The analysis of the huancas and their locations, together with information obtained from oral histories, suggests that these features were associated with agricultural fertility rituals. Even today, these stones are important informing contexts, although their meaning has been resignified in a new social and cultural context
Resumen
El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar el registro material que se asocia a las prácticas rituales agricolas de momentos pre hispánicos y que son continuadas y resignificadas en la actualidadpor lospobladores de Las Pailas (provincia de Salta, Argentina). El sitio arqueologico del mismo nombre, ubicado en el norte del Valle Calchaqui, es un enclave agricola compuesto por una gran extensión de campos de cultivo y una red hidrdulica compleja, y ha estado ocupado de manera continua desde inicios de la era Cristiana hasta la invasion española.Las huancas son estructuras de piedra de forma alargada, caracterizadas como menhires o monolitos. Las que se encuentran en Las Pailas, se localizan en medio de los campos agricolas, de manera individual o de a pares, presentando diferentes morfologías y tamanos, los que motivaron su clasificacion en cinco tipos. El andlisis de este registro material, asi como las menciones obtenidas de relatos orales, permiten asociar este tipo de estructuras a rituales de producción vinculados a la fertilidad de los campos. A7#x00FA;n hoy estas rocas siguen teniendo un papel importante en las configuraciones agricolas actuates, aunque resignificadas bajo un nuevo contexto social y cultural.
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- Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2016
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