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Comparative Approaches to Latin American History

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 October 2022

Magnus Mörner ,
Julia Fawaz de Viñuela  and
John D. French
Magnus Mörner
Affiliation:
University of Gothenburg, Sweden
Julia Fawaz de Viñuela
Affiliation:
Santiago de Chile
John D. French
Affiliation:
Yale University
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A little more than fifty years ago, French medievalist Marc Bloch (1928) tried to persuade his fellow historians of the importance and usefulness of the “comparative method.” Explanations, he argued, based on “those proverbs of common-sense psychology which have neither more nor less validity than their opposites” had to be replaced by causal explanations arrived at with the help of systematic comparison. In response to these exhortations, most historians, as Bloch himself noted, “express polite approval and then go back to work without changing their habits.” Nevertheless, the last decades have seen a remarkable growth in comparative studies in history as well as in the social sciences in general. Since 1959, the journal Comparative Studies in Society and History has played a crucial role in this regard. Yet the results of comparative historical studies have not been such as to challenge the skepticism of many historians who associate comparative approaches with facile analogies, pseudo-similarities, and questionable generalizations. Comparison too often seems to imply the sacrifice of the unique and differentiating features of each situation in the past for the sake of some broad scheme. Many historians are put off by social scientists, such as sociologist S. N. Eisenstadt (1963), whose ambitious comparative schema seem marked by typologizing with little empirical basis. To quote Bloch once more, the empirical historian will probably never become a philosopher of history or a sociologist although “he may, according to his state of mind, grant them admiration or a skeptical smile.”

Type
Research Article
Information
Latin American Research Review , Volume 17 , Issue 3 , 1982 , pp. 55 - 89
Copyright
Copyright © 1982 by the University of Texas Press

Footnotes

*

This article grew out of a 1979 graduate seminar at the University of Pittsburgh; Mörner was then Mellon Professor of History there, and Viñuela and French were graduate students. Parts I—III were prepared in draft by Viñuela, IV by French, and V by Mörner, but we are jointly responsible for the final version. We are obliged to Roland Anrup for his critical comments on an earlier draft.

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