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The Peruvian Population Census of 1725–1740

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 October 2022

Adrian J. Pearce
Adrian J. Pearce*
Affiliation:
University of Liverpool
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Abstract

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The population census of 1725–1740 was one of the few general censuses to occur in Peru during the colonial period. The census left a mass of detailed demographic data recording a unique moment when the population of the viceroyalty stood at its lowest historical level. It was the centerpiece of a major body of viceregal reform that affected levels of Indian tribute and the mita labor draft and permanently changed the base population subject to both levies, incorporating a large new sector previously partially or wholly exempt. It strongly influenced Peru's Indian and mestizo peoples throughout its execution and provoked the first major wave of popular unrest under the Bourbons. Yet despite the significance of the census, it remains largely unknown. This article provides a detailed introduction to the census as a major administrative reform and a source for demographic and other history.

Type
Research Article
Information
Latin American Research Review , Volume 36 , Issue 3 , 2001 , pp. 69 - 104
Copyright
Copyright © 2001 by the University of Texas Press

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