Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-g5fl4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-28T10:25:10.402Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Judge over Your Shoulder: Is Adversarial Legalism Exceptionally American?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 December 2018

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Review Symposium on Kagan's Adversarial Legalism: The American Way of Law
Copyright
Copyright © American Bar Foundation, 2003 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahdieh, Robert B. 1997. Russia's Constitutional Revolution: Legal Consciousness and the Transition to Democracy, 1985–1996. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Ashworth, Andrew. 1994. The Criminal Process. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ashworth, Andrew. 1997. Sentencing. In Maguire, Morgan, and Reiner 1997.Google Scholar
Bailis, Daniel S., and Robert, J. MacCoun. 1996. Estimating Liability Risks with the Media as Your Guide: A Content Analysis of Media Coverage of Tort Litigation. Law and Human Behavior 20: 419–29.Google Scholar
Baldwin, John, and Michael, McConville. 1979. Plea Bargaining and Plea Negotiation in England. Law and Society Review 13: 287305.Google Scholar
Bogart, W. A. 1988. Understanding Standing, Chapter IV: Minister of Finance of Canada vs. Finlay. Supreme Court Law Review 10: 377.Google Scholar
Bosworth, Matthew H. 2001. Courts as Catalysts: State Supreme Courts and Public School Finance Equity. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Bowling, Benjamin. 1999. Violent Racism. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bridges, Lee. 1987. Legality and Local Politics. Aldershot, England: Avebury.Google Scholar
Bridges, Lee, and Mike, McConville. 1994. Keeping Faith with Their Convictions. In McConville and Bridges 1994.Google Scholar
Brisbin, Richard A. Jr., Susan, Hunter, and Kevin, M. Leyden. 2002. Adversarial Legalism in Planning, Zoning, and Land Use Regulatory Practice. Paper presented at the Joint Meeting of the Law and Society Association and the Canadian Law and Society Association, Vancouver, B. C., May 30-June 2.Google Scholar
Cabinet Office. 1988. The Judge over Your Shoulder: Judicial Review of Administrative Decisions. London: Cabinet Office.Google Scholar
Cahill, Mia L. 2001. The Social Construction of Sexual Harassment Law. Dartmouth, England: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Carpenter, Daniel P. 2001. The Forging of Bureaucratic Autonomy: Reputations, Networks, and Policy Innovation in Executive Agencies, 1862–1928. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Carter, Keith. 2002. Schools Face Explosion of Litigation. Times (London). 14 May, 6.Google Scholar
Cashmore, Ernest, and Eugene, McLaughlin. 1991. Out of Order? Policing Black People. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Cassels, Jamie. 1989. Judicial Activism and Public Interest Litigation in India: Attempting the Impossible American Journal of Comparative Law 37: 495.Google Scholar
Choongh, Satnam. 1997. Policing as Social Discipline. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Conant, Lisa J. 2002. Justice Contained: Law and Politics in the European Union. Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Damaska, Mirjan. 1986. The Faces of Justice and State Authority: A Comparative Approach to the Legal Process. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Dingwall, Robert, and Paul, Paul. 1994. Is NHS Indemnity Working and Is There a Better Way British Journal of Anaesthesia 73: 6977.Google Scholar
Dixon, Bill, and Graham, Graham. 1998. Laying Down the Law: The Police, the Courts and Legal Accountability. International Journal of the Sociology of Law 26: 419–35.Google Scholar
Dobbin, Frank, and John, John. 1998. The Strength of a Weak State: The Rights Revolution and the Rise of Human Resources Management Divisions. American Journal of Sociology 4: 102.Google Scholar
Dotan, Yoav. 1999a. Judicial Rhetoric, Government Lawyers, and Human Rights: The Case of the Israeli High Court of Justice during the Intifada. Law and Society Review. 33: 319.Google Scholar
Dotan, Yoav. 1999b. Resource Inequalities in Ideological Courts: The Case of the Israeli High Court of Justice. Law and Society Review. 33: 1059.Google Scholar
Downes, David, and Rod, Rod. 1997. Dumping the “Hostages to Fortune”? The Politics of Law and Order in Post-War Britain. In Maguire, Morgan, and Reiner 1997.Google Scholar
Dubber, Marcus Dirk. 1997. American Plea Bargaining, German Lay Judges, and the Crisis of Criminal Procedure. Stanford Law Review 49: 547.Google Scholar
Edelman, Lauren B. 1990. Legal Environments and Organizational Governance: The Expansion of Due Process in the American Workplace. American Journal of Sociology 95: 1401–40.Google Scholar
Edelman, Lauren B. 1992. Legal Ambiguity and Symbolic Structures: Organizational Mediation of Civil Rights Law. American Journal of Sociology 97: 1531–76.Google Scholar
Edelman, Lauren B., and Mark, C. Suchman. 1999. When the “Haves” Hold Court: Organizational Internalization of Law. Law and Society Review 33: 941.Google Scholar
Eisenberg, Theodore, and Stewart, Stewart. 1987. The Reality of Constitutional Tort Litigation. Cornell Law Review 72: 641–95.Google Scholar
Emmott, Mike. 2001. Tribunals Are Judged Wanting. Manchester Guardian, 12 March.Google Scholar
Epp, Charles R. 1998. The Rights Revolution: Lawyers, Activists, and Supreme Courts in Comparative Perspective. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Epp, Charles R. 2000. Exploring the Costs of Administrative Legalization: City Expenditures on Legal Services, 1960–1995. Law and Society Review 34: 407–31.Google Scholar
Feeley, Malcolm M., and Edward, L. Rubin. 1998. Judicial Policy Making in the Modern State: How the Courts Reformed America's Prisons. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Feldman, Eric A. 2000. Blood Justice: Courts, Conflict, and Compensation in Japan, France, and the United States. Law and Society Review 34: 651702.Google Scholar
Friedman, Lawrence M. 1979. Plea Bargaining in Historical Perspective. Law and Society Review 13: 247–59.Google Scholar
Friedman, Lawrence M. 1985. Total Justice. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Furedi, Frank. 1997. Culture of Fear: Risktaking and the Morality of Low Expectation. London: Cassell.Google Scholar
Furedi, Frank. 1999. Courting Mistrust: The Hidden Growth of a Culture of Litigation in Britain London: Center for Policy Studies.Google Scholar
Galanter, Marc. 1992. Law Abounding: Legalisation around the North Atlantic. Modern Law Review 55: 1.Google Scholar
Goldsmith, Alexander. 1991. Complaints against the Police: The Trend to External Review. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Harrison, John, and Stephen, Stephen. 1991. Police Misconduct: Legal Remedies. London: Legal Action Group.Google Scholar
Hepple, B. A. 1983. Judging Equal Rights. Current Legal Problems 36: 7190.Google Scholar
Heumann, Milton. 1981. Plea Bargaining: The Experiences of Prosecutors, Judges, and Defense Attorneys. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Holland, Kenneth M. 1991. Judicial Activism in Comparative Perspective. New York: St. Martin's.Google Scholar
Home Office. 1996. Protecting the Public: The Government's Strategy on Crime in England and Wales. White Paper. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Hood, Roger G., and Graca, Graca. 1992. Race and Sentencing: A Study in the Crown Court. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Huge Rise in GP Negligence Claims. 1999. BBC News, 18 March.Google Scholar
Inglehart, Ronald. 1997. Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic and Political Change in 43 Societies. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Insley, Jill. 2001. When the Injury Gets Personal. Observer, 18 February.Google Scholar
Institute of Race Relations. 1987. Policing against Black People. London: Institute of Race Relations.Google Scholar
Johnson, David T. 1998. The Organization of Prosecution and the Possibility of Order. Law and Society Review 32: 247.Google Scholar
Johnson, David T. 2003. American Law in Japanese Perspective. Law & Social Inquiry 28 (3): 771–98.Google Scholar
Kagan, Robert A. 1997. Should Europe Worry about Adversarial Legalism Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 17: 165.Google Scholar
Kagan, Robert A. 2003. On Surveying the Whole Legal Forest. Law & Social Inquiry 28 (3): 833–72.Google Scholar
Kirkman, Susannah. 2000. Are They Bonkers to Ban Conkers Times Educational Supplement, 12 December.Google Scholar
Kritzer, Herbert M. 1996. Courts, Justice, and Politics in England. In Courts, Law, and Politics in Comparative Perspective, ed. Herbert, Jacob, Erhard, Blankenburg, Herbert, M. Kritzer, Doris, Marie Provine, and Joseph, Sanders. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Kritzer, Herbert M., Bogart, W. A., and Neil, Neil. 1991. The Aftermath of Injury: Cultural Factors in Compensation Seeking in Canada and the United States. Law and Society Review 25: 499544.Google Scholar
Langan, Patrick A., and David, P. Farrington. 1998. Crime and Justice in the United States and in England and Wales, 19811996. Washington, D. C.: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Available at: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/cjusew96.pdf.Google Scholar
Langbein, John. 1979. Land without Plea Bargaining: How the Germans Do It. Michigan Law Review 78: 204.Google Scholar
Leo, Richard. 1996a. The Impact of Miranda Revisited. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 86: 621–92.Google Scholar
Leo, Richard. 1996b. Inside the Interrogation Room. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 86: 266303.Google Scholar
Lester, Anthony. 1988. The Overseas Trade in the American Bill of Rights. Columbia Law Review 88: 537.Google Scholar
Maguire, Mike. 1997. Crime Statistics, Patterns, and Trends: Changing Perceptions and Their Implications. In Maguire, Morgan, and Reiner 1997.Google Scholar
Maguire, Mike, and Claire, Claire. 1991. A Study of the Police Complaints System. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Maguire, Mike, Rod, Morgan, and Robert, Reiner, eds. 1997. The Oxford Handbook of Criminology. 2d ed. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Markesinis, Basil. 1990. Litigation-Mania in England, Germany, and the USA: Are We So Very Different Cambridge Law Journal 49: 233.Google Scholar
McBarnet, Doreen. 1981. Conviction: The Law, the State, and the Construction of Justice. London: MacMillan.Google Scholar
McCann, Michael, William, Haltom, and Anne, Bloom. 2001. Java Jive: Genealogy of a Juridical Icon. University of Miami Law Review 55: 1.Google Scholar
McConville, Mike, and Lee, Bridges, eds., Criminal Justice in Crisis. Aldershot, England: Elgar.Google Scholar
McConville, Mike, Jacqueline, Hodgson, Lee, Bridges, and Anita, Pavlovic. 1994. Standing Accused: The Organisation and Practices of Criminal Defense Lawyers in Britain. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Meehan, Elizabeth. 1985. Women's Rights at Work: Campaigns and Policy in Britain and the United States. London: MacMillan.Google Scholar
Mnookin, Robert H., and Lewis, Lewis. 1979. Bargaining in the Shadow of the Law: The Case of Divorce. Yale Law Journal 88: 950–97.Google Scholar
Morgan, Rod. 1997. Imprisonment: Current Concerns and a Brief History Since 1945. In Maguire, Morgan, and Reiner 1997.Google Scholar
Morton, F. L., and Rainer, Rainer. 2000. The Charter Revolution and the Court Party. Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview.Google Scholar
Parker, Douglas L. 1995. Standing to Litigate “Abstract Social Interests” in the United States and Italy: Reexamining “Injury in Fact. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law 33: 259.Google Scholar
Pizzi, William. 1999. Trials without Truth. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
The Price of Pain: Justice Should Not Bow to Greed. 2001. Observer, 4 March.Google Scholar
Reed, Douglas S. 2001. On Equal Terms: The Constitutional Politics of Educational Opportunity. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Reiner, Robert. 1991. Chief Constables: Bobbies, Bosses, or Bureaucrats. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Reiner, Robert. 2000. The Politics of the Police. 3d ed. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rodgers, Daniel T. 1998. Atlantic Crossings: Social Politics in a Progressive Age. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Sander, Richard H., and Williams, E. Douglass. 1989. Why Are There So Many Lawyers? Perspectives on a Turbulent Market. Law & Social Inquiry 431–79.Google Scholar
Sanders, Andrew. 1997. From Suspect to Trial. In Maguire, Morgan, and Reiner 1997.Google Scholar
Sarat, Austin, and Stuart, A. Scheingold. 1998. Cause Lawyering: Political Commitments and Professional Responsibilities. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Sarat, Austin, and Stuart, A. Scheingold. 2001. Cause Lawyering and the State in a Global Era. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Scarman, Leslie George. 1981. The Brixton Disorders 10–12 April 1981: Report of an Inquiry. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Scraton, Philip. 1985. The State of the Police: Is Law and Order out of Control! London: Pluto Press.Google Scholar
Scraton, Philip. 1994. Denial, Neutralisation and Disqualification: The Royal Commission on Criminal Justice in Context. In McConville and Bridges 1994.Google Scholar
Sellers, Jefferey M. 1995. Litigation as a Local Political Resource: Courts in Controversies over Land Use in France, Germany, and the United States. Law and Society Review 29: 475516.Google Scholar
Simon, Jonathan, and Jerome, Jerome. 1988. Federalism, the Exclusionary Rule, and the Police. In Power Divided: Essays on the Theory and Practice of Federalism, ed. Harry, N. Scheiber and Malcolm, Feeley. Berkeley, Calif.: Institute of Governmental Studies.Google Scholar
Stone, Alec. 1992. The Birth of Judicial Politics in France. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Strange, Susan. 1996. The Retreat of the State: The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sunkin, Maurice. 1994. Judicialization of Politics in the United Kingdom. International Political Science Review 15: 125.Google Scholar
Sunkin, Maurice, Lee, Bridges, and George, George. 1996. Judicial Review in Perspective. London: Cavendish.Google Scholar
Tate, C. Neal, and Torbjom, Torbjom. 1995. The Global Expansion of Judicial Power. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Thomson, Sarah. 2000. Playground or Playpound: The Contested Terrain of the Primary School Playground. Paper presented at the 2000 British Educational Research Association Conference, Cardiff, Wales, 7–9 September.Google Scholar
Toynbee, Polly. 1999. A Culture of Compensation Makes Victims of Us All: Anyone Suing the Public Services Should Be Ashamed. Manchester Guardian, 21 April.Google Scholar
Walker, Clive, and Keir, Keir. 1993. Justice in Error. London: Blackstone Press.Google Scholar
Walker, Samuel, and Lorie, Lorie. 1993. Forces of Change in Police Policy: The Impact of Tennessee v. Garner on Deadly Force Policy. American Journal of Police 11(3): 97112.Google Scholar