Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-9q27g Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-22T00:07:57.089Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Prosecution as a Victim Power Resource: A Note on Empowering Women in Violent Conjugal Relationships

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2024

Abstract

Criminal prosecution of abusive men is described here as a power resource used by battered women to help bring about satisfactory arrangements for managing conjugal violence. This article examines relevant theory on exchange and power processes to explain the conditions of victim empowerment. It then describes cases of women who filed charges against their conjugal partners to show how victims may file, but later drop, charges as a rational power strategy for determining the future course of their relationships. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of prosecutorial policies that limit battered women's control over criminal justice processes.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 1991 by The Law and Society Association

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

I appreciate the critical comments offered by Fred DuBow, Wendy Ford, David Funk, Linda Haas, and Charles Jeffords on earlier drafts of this article and revisions suggested by participants in the 1989–90 Family Research Laboratory Seminar at the University of New Hampshire. This article was completed with support of the Family Research Laboratory under a NIMH Postdoctoral Fellowship, grant MH15161-13. I am especially grateful to former Marion County Prosecutor Stephen Goldsmith for his cooperation and support of this research, to Eugenia Smith for her assistance, and to the battered women who graciously shared their experiences.

References

References

ALLEN, Craig M., and Murray A., STRAUS (1980) “Resources, Power, and Husband-Wife Violence,” in Straus, M. A. and Hotaling, G. T. (eds.), The Social Causes of Husband-Wife Violence. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION (1969) Code of Professional Responsibility. Chicago: American Bar Association.Google Scholar
AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION (1983) Model Rules of Professional Conduct. Chicago: American Bar Association.Google Scholar
ATTORNEY GENERAL'S TASK FORCE ON FAMILY VIOLENCE (1984) Final Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.Google Scholar
BANNON, James (1975) “Law Enforcement Problems with Intra-Family Violence.” Presented at the annual meeting of the American Bar Association, Montreal, Canada, 12 August.Google Scholar
BARD, Morton (1980) “Functions of the Police and the Justice System in Family Violence,” in Green, M. R. (ed.), Violence and the Family. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
BLAU, Peter M. (1964) Exchange and Power in Social Life. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
BLOOD, Robert O. Jr., and Donald M., WOLFE (1960) Husbands and Wives. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
BOWKER, Lee H. (1983) Beating Wife-Beating. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
BOWKER, Lee H. (1986) Ending the Violence. Holmes Beach, FL: Learning Publications.Google Scholar
CANNAVALE, Frank J. Jr., and William D., FALCON (1976) Witness Cooperation. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
DAHL, Robert A. (1957) “The Concept of Power,” 2 Behavioral Science 201.Google Scholar
DOBASH, R. Emerson, and Russell, DOBASH (1979) Violence Against Wives: A Case Against the Patriarchy. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
DuBOW, Frederic L., and Theodore M., BECKER (1976) “Patterns of Victim Advocacy,” in McDonald, W. F. (ed.), Criminal Justice and the Victim. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
DUNFORD, Frank W., David, HUIZINGA, and Delbert S., ELLIOTT (1989) “The Omaha Domestic Violence Police Experiment, Final Report.” Submitted to the National Institute of Justice.Google Scholar
DUTTON, Donald G. (1988) The Domestic Assault of Women. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.Google Scholar
ELLIOTT, Catherine, Linda, GIDDINGS, and Avreayl, JACOBSON (1985) “Against No-Drop Policies,” NCADV Voice, Summer.Google Scholar
ELLIOTT, Delbert S. (1989) “Criminal Justice Procedures in Family Violence Crimes,” in Ohlin, L. and Tonry, M. (eds.), Family Violence. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
EMERSON, Richard M. (1962) “Power-Dependence Relations,” 27 American Sociological Review 31.Google Scholar
EMERSON, Richard M. (1972) “Exchange Theory, Part II: Exchange Relations and Network Structures,” in Berger, J., Zelditch, M. Jr., and Anderson, B. (eds.), 2 Sociological Theories in Progress. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
FIELD, Martha H., and Henry F., FIELD (1973) “Marital Violence and the Criminal Process: Neither Justice nor Peace,” 47 Social Service Review 221.Google Scholar
FINESMITH, Barbara K. (1983) “Police Response to Battered Women: A Critique and Proposals for Reform,” 14 Seton Hall Law Review 74.Google Scholar
FORD, David A. (1974) “Reason Analysis: An Expository Review,” in the Final Report of the Multi-disciplinary Graduate Training Program of the Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh. Submitted to the National Institute of Education.Google Scholar
FORD, David A. (1983) “Wife Battery and Criminal Justice: A Study of Victim Decisionmaking,” 32 Family Relations 463.Google Scholar
FORD, David A., and Mary Jean, BURKE (1987) “Victim-initiated Criminal Complaints for Wife Battery: An Assessment of Motives.” Presented at the Third National Conference for Family Violence Researchers, University of New Hampshire, Durham.Google Scholar
FRIEDMAN, Lucy N., and Minna, SHULMAN (1990) “Domestic Violence: The Criminal Justice Response,” in Lurigio, A. J., Skogan, W. G., and Davis, R. C. (eds.), Victims of Crime: Problems, Policies, and Programs. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
FROMSON, Terry L. (1977) “The Case for Legal Remedies for Abused Women,” 6 N.Y.U. Review of Law and Social Change 135.Google Scholar
GAMSON, William A. (1968) Power and Discontent. Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press.Google Scholar
GANLEY, Anne L. (1981) Court Mandated Therapy for Men Who Batter: A Three-Day Workshop. Washington: Center for Women Policy Studies.Google Scholar
GAYFORD, J. J. (1977) “The Plight of the Battered Wife,” 10 International Journal of Environmental Studies 283.Google Scholar
GELLES, Richard J. (1976) “Abused Wives: Why Do They Stay?” 38 Journal of Marriage and the Family 659.Google Scholar
GELLES, Richard J. (1983) “An Exchange/Social Control Theory,” in Finkelhor, D. et al. (eds.), The Dark Side of Families: Current Family Violence Research. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
GELLES, Richard J., and Murray A., STRAUS (1988) Intimate Violence. New York: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
GOODE, William J. (1971) “Force and Violence in the Family,” 33 Journal of Marriage and the Family 624.Google Scholar
GOOLKASIAN, Gail A. (1986) Confronting Domestic Violence: A Guide for Criminal Justice Agencies. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.Google Scholar
GREGORY, Margaret (1976) “Battered Wives,” in Borland, M. (ed.), Violence in the Family. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press.Google Scholar
HALL, Donald J. (1975) “The Role of the Victim in the Prosecution and Disposition of a Criminal Case,” 28 Vanderbilt Law Review 931.Google Scholar
HOMANS, George Caspar (1961) Social Behavior: Its Elementary Forms. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
KADUSHIN, Charles (1968) “Reason Analysis,” in Sills, D. L. (ed.), 13 International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. New York: Crowell, Collier & Macmillan.Google Scholar
LAZARSFELD, Paul F. (1972) “The Art of Asking Why,” in Lazarsfeld, P. F. (ed.), Qualitative Analysis: Historical and Critical Essays. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.Google Scholar
LERMAN, Lisa G. (1981) “Criminal Prosecution of Wife Beaters,” 4 Response to Violence in the Family, No. 3, p. 1.Google Scholar
LEVINGER, George (1959) “The Development of Perceptions and Behavior in Newly Formed Social Power Relationships,” in Cartwright, D. (ed.), Studies in Social Power. Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research.Google Scholar
LITTLETON, Christine A. (1989) “Women's Experience and the Problem of Transition: Perspectives on Male Battering of Women,” 1989 University of Chicago Legal Forum 23.Google Scholar
MAIDMENT, Susan (1978) “The Law's Response to Marital Violence: A Comparison Between England and the U.S.A.,” in Eekelaar, J. M. and Katz, S. N. (eds.), Family Violence: An International and Interdisciplinary Study. Toronto: Butterworths.Google Scholar
MENKEL-MEADOW, Carrie (1984) “Toward Another View of Legal Negotiation: The Structure of Problem Solving,” 31 UCLA Law Review 754.Google Scholar
PAGELOW, Mildred Daley (1984) Family Violence. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
PARNAS, Raymond I. (1970) “Judicial Response to Intra-Family Violence,” 54 Minnesota Law Review 585.Google Scholar
PATERSON, Eva J. (1979) “How the Legal System Responds to Battered Women,” in Moore, D. M. (ed.), Battered Women. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
PLECK, Elizabeth H. (1979) “Wife Beating in Nineteenth-Century America,” 4 Victimology 60.Google Scholar
PURDY, Frances (1985) “Pro-No-Drop Policy,” NCADV Voice, Summer.Google Scholar
RODMAN, Hyman (1972) “Marital Power and the Theory of Resources in Cultural Context,” 3 Journal of Comparative Family Studies 50.Google Scholar
SCANZONI, John H. (1982) Sexual Bargaining. 2d ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
SCANZONI, John H., and Maximiliane, SZINOVACZ (1980) Family Decisionmaking: A Developmental Sex Role Model. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
SCHELLING, Thomas C. (1960) The Strategy of Conflict. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
SCHNEIDER, Elizabeth M. (1986) “Describing and Changing: Women's Self-Defense Work and the Problem of Expert Testimony on Battering,” 9 Women's Rights Law Reporter 195.Google Scholar
SCHNEIDER, Elizabeth M., and Susan B., JORDAN (1978) “Representation of Women Who Defend Themselves in Response to Physical or Sexual Assault,” 4 Women's Rights Law Reporter 149.Google Scholar
SHERMAN, Lawrence W., and Richard A., BERK (1984) “The Specific Deterrent Effects of Arrest for Domestic Violence,” 49 American Sociological Review 261.Google Scholar
SPREY, Jetse (1971) “On the Management of Conflict in Families,” 33 Journal of Marriage and the Family 722.Google Scholar
STRAUS, Murray A., GELLES, Richard J., and Suzanne K., STEINMETZ (1980) Behind Closed Doors: Violence in the American Family. Garden City, NY: Anchor Press.Google Scholar
THIBAUT, John W., and Harold H., KELLEY (1959) The Social Psychology of Groups. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
TRUNINGER, Elizabeth (1971) “Marital Violence: The Legal Solutions,” 23 Hastings Law Journal 259.Google Scholar
U.S. BUREAU OF THE CENSUS (1983) 1980 Census of the Population: Advance Estimates of Social Economic, and Housing Characteristics, Part 16: Indiana. Supplementary Report PHC80-S2-16. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
WALKER, Lenore E. (1979) The Battered Woman. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
WOLFE, Donald M. (1959) “Power and Authority in the Family,” in Cart-wright, D. (ed.), Studies in Social Power. Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research.Google Scholar
WOLFRAM, Charles W. (1986) Modern Legal Ethics. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing.Google Scholar
WRONG, Dennis H. (1980) Power: Its Forms, Bases and Uses. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
YLLO, Kersti A., and Murray A., STRAUS (1990) “Patriarchy and Violence against Wives: The Impact of Structural and Normative Factors,” in Straus, M. A. and Gelles, R. J. (eds.), Physical Violence in American Families: Risk Factors and Adaptations to Violence in 8,145 Families. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.Google Scholar
ZEISEL, Hans (1968) Say It with Figures. 5th ed. rev. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar

Statute Cited

Indiana Code § 35-33-1-1(a) (West 1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar