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Judicial Rhetoric, Meaning-Making, and the Institutionalization of Hate Crime Law

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

Scott Phillips  and
Ryken Grattet
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Abstract

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In this article we examine how the concept of hate crime has been transformed in judicial discourse from a broad ambiguous category, which generated substantial controversy and opposition, to a focused determinate legal construct, which has been largely accepted as a legitimate legal practice. We track changes in judicial rhetoric across 38 appellate court opinions that consider the constitutionality of hate crime cases (1984-1999), and we propose a theoretical framework for analyzing the “settling” of legal meaning. A qualitative interpretive analysis demonstrates that the meaning of hate crime that emerges across the series of cases is much richer and nuanced than the collection of words contained in the statutes, and that the domain of hate crime has expanded across the series of cases to include a broader range of behaviors and mental precursors. Quantitative analysis shows that, over time, judges have developed a more economical and formulaic rhetoric for responding to petitioners' constitutional challenges to hate crime statutes and have converged around sets of arguments for negotiating challenges. We discuss the implications of these findings for traditional jurisprudential analyses, sociolegal research on judicial decisionmaking, and research on the social construction of deviance.

Type
Articles
Information
Law & Society Review , Volume 34 , Issue 3 , 2000 , pp. 567 - 606
Copyright
Copyright © 2000 by the Law and Society Association

Footnotes

An earlier version of this article was given as the Donald R. Cressey Memorial Lecture at the University of California, Santa Barbara, April 1997, at the American Society of Criminology meetings in San Diego, November 1997, and was awarded the 1997 LSA Graduate Student Paper Prize. For their contributions to this work we thank Ursula Abels Castellano, Tom Beamish, William T. Bielby, Dierdre Boden, Kitty Calavita, Randall Collins, Forrest A. Deseran, Laura Grindstaff, Valerie Jenness, Robert Kidder, Daniel Linz, Carolyn Marvin, Douglas Massey, Bill McCarthy, Chris Plantier, Dawn Robinson, Jim Spriggs, John R. Sutton, Susan Watkins, and Howard Winant.

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Hate Crime Cases Cited

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Other Cases Cited

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Statutes Cited

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