46 European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Hereinafter referred to as the ECHR.

47 Wildhaber, L ‘the European Convention on Human Rights and International Law’ (2007) 56 ICLQ 217 at 230–231CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

48 Hereinafter referred to as the Commission.

49 These bodies, the ECtHR and the Commission will be jointly referred to as the Strasbourg bodies.

50 A very similar book by Vanneste, F General International Law before Human Rights Courts (Netherlands: Intersentia Publishing, 2009)Google Scholar also deals with this topic. However, Vanneste's book focuses more on general international law principles before human rights courts rather than specific human rights issues. See also the excellent earlier work of Merrills, Jg The Development of International Law by the European Court of Human Rights (Manchester University Press: 1st edn, 1988; 2nd edn, 1993)Google Scholar.

51 The Reception of International Law, p vii.

52 Ibid, p vii.

53 See Fogerty v United Kingdom, judgment of 21 November 2001 (Application no 37112/97) at para 35. See also Loizidou v Turkey, judgment of 18 December 1996 (Application no 15318/89) at para 43.

54 Hereinafter referred to as the ICJ.

55 The Reception of International Law, p 352.

56 Ibid, p 372.

57 Ibid, p 372.

58 Ibid, p 372.

59 Ibid, p 405.

60 Hereinafter referred to as the ICCPR.

61 Hereinafter referred to as the HRC.

62 Forowicz's definition of ‘international procedural law’ refers to treaties ‘which set[s] up a given procedure to follow in order to resolve a dispute’. The Reception of International Law, p 366.

63 Forowicz's definition of ‘international substantive law’ refers to treaties ‘granting concrete rights and obligations to states and individuals’. Ibid, p 366.

64 In this instance, Forowicz is referring to the ECtHR and the HRC. Ibid, p 186.

65 Ibid, p 186.

66 Ibid.

67 Ibid, p 189.

68 Kilkelly, U ‘the best of both worlds for children's rights: interpreting the European Convention on Human Rights in the light of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child’ (2001) 23 HRQ 308 at 308CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

69 Hereinafter referred to as the UNCRC.

70 Hereinafter referred to as the Hague Convention.

71 Hereinafter referred to as ILO Convention no 182.

72 The Reception of International Law, p 145.

73 Kilkelly, above n 68, at 314.

74 The Reception of International Law, p 146. See the case of Barjami v Albania, judgment of 12 December 2006 (Application no 35853/04).

75 Kilkelly, above n 68, p 326; see also The Reception of International Law, p 148.

76 United Nations Convention Against Torture. Hereinafter referred to as UNCAT.

77 Evans, M ‘Getting to grips with torture’ (2002) 51(2) ICLQ 365 at 381CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

78 The Reception of International Law, p 231.

79 Ibid, p 229.

80 Ibid, p 231.

81 Ibid.

82 12 December 2001 (Application no 52207/99).

83 1 March 2000 (Application no 35763/97).

84 Orakhelashvili, A ‘Restrictive interpretation of human rights treaties in the recent jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights’ (2003) 14(3) EJIL 529 at 568CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

85 The Reception of International Law, p 310.

86 Ibid, p 309.

87 Ibid.

88 Ibid.

89 Ibid, p 312.

90 Kjaerum, M ‘Refugee protection between state interests and human rights: where is Europe heading?’ (2002) 24 Human Rights Quarterly 513 at 534CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

91 The Reception of International Law, p 280.

92 Ibid, p 282.

93 Ibid, p 351.

94 Ibid.

95 Orakhelashvili, above n 84, p 567

96 Fogerty v United Kingdom, judgment of 21 November 2001 (Application no 37112/97) at para 35.

97 Hereinafter referred to as the VCLT.

98 The Reception of International Law, p 53.

99 Ibid, p 102.

100 Ibid, p 353.

101 Ibid, p 354.

102 Ibid, p 357.

103 Ibid, p 361.

104 Ibid.

105 Ibid, p 355.

106 Ibid, p 358.

107 Ibid, p 360.

108 Ibid, p 362.

109 Ibid, p 365.

110 Ibid, p 366.

111 Wildhaber, above n 47, at 230–231.