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The Sacraments: III—Penance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 August 2024

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We have seen in earlier articles how the Church takes natural, human things, such as water and oil, and supernaturalizes them by the power of God. In the technical language of sacramental theology the natural sign is called the matter, the words which raise it up and determine it to bring about that which it signifies, the form. But it would be quite wrong to imagine an implied contrast between material and immaterial in the normal sense of the words. In the sacrament of penance the natural element is human sorrow for sin, a turning from evil to good: it is transformed into that supernatural love of God which is charity, through words of absolution spoken by a priest who has been given the necessary faculties by the bishop.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 1957 Provincial Council of the English Province of the Order of Preachers

References

1 Denzinger No. 898. In the following discussion I assume that the bond with the church has been broken by mortal sin. Venial sin, where the virtue of charity has not been lost, can be healed by other means.

2 Quod. 4, Io. The Summa Theologica breaks off before reaching this question.

3 In the terminology introduced in the previous article, interior repentance is the res et sacramentum Produced by the external actions, sacramentum tantum; together they cause the res tantum, remission of sin. S.T. 3, 84. I ad. 3.