Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-cnmwb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-22T22:45:31.627Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Quadruple crossing number of knots and links

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2013

COLIN ADAMS*
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, U.S.A. e-mail: Colin.C.Adams@williams.edu

Abstract

A quadruple crossing is a crossing in a projection of a knot or link that has four strands of the knot passing straight through it. A quadruple crossing projection is a projection such that all of the crossings are quadruple crossings. In a previous paper, it was proved that every knot and link has a quadruple crossing projection and hence, every knot has a minimal quadruple crossing number c4(K). In this paper, we investigate quadruple crossing number, and in particular, use the span of the bracket polynomial to determine quadruple crossing number for a variety of knots and links.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge Philosophical Society 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

[1]Adams, C.Triple crossing number of knots and links. J. Knot Theory Ramifications 22 (2013), 1350006.Google Scholar
[2]Adams, C., Crawford, T., DeMeo, B., Landry, M., Lin, A., Montee, M., Park, S., Venkatesh, S. and Yhee, F. Knot projections with a single multi-crossing. ArXiv:1208.5742 2012.Google Scholar
[3]Adams, C., Capovilla–Searle, O., Freeman, J., Irvine, D., Petti, S., Vitek, D., Weber, A. and Zhang, S. Multicrossing numbers and the span of the bracket polynomial, ArXiv 1311.0526 2013.Google Scholar
[4]Adams, C., Capovilla–Searle, O., Freeman, J., Irvine, D., Petti, S., Vitek, D., Weber, A. and Zhang, S. Bounds on Übercrossing and petal numbers for knots, in preparation 2013.Google Scholar
[5]Jones, V. F. R.Hecke algebra representations of braid groups and link polynomials. Ann. of Math. 126 (1987), 335–388.Google Scholar
[6]Kauffman, L.New invariants in the theory of knots. Amer. Math. Monthly 95 (1988), 195–242.Google Scholar
[7]Murasugi, K.Jones polynomials of alternating links. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 295 (1986), 147174.Google Scholar
[8]Pach, J. and G. Toh Degenerating crossing numbers. Discrete Comput. Geom. 41 (2009), 376384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[9]Tanaka, H. and Teragaito, M. Triple crossing numbers of graphs, ArXiv:1002.4231 (2010).Google Scholar
[10]Thistlethwaite, M.A spanning tree expansion of the Jones polynomial. Topology 26 (1987), 297309.Google Scholar