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THE INTERACTIONS OF VERTEBRATES AND INVERTEBRATES IN PEATLANDS AND MARSHES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Henry R. Murkin  and
Bruce D.J. Batt
Henry R. Murkin
Affiliation:
Delta Waterfowl and Wetlands Research Station, R.R.1, Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, Canada RIN 3A1
Bruce D.J. Batt
Affiliation:
Delta Waterfowl and Wetlands Research Station, R.R.1, Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, Canada RIN 3A1
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Abstract

This paper reviews the interactions of vertebrates and invertebrates in peatlands and marshes to assess current knowledge and future research needs. Living organisms may interact through a number of direct trophic and nutrient pathways and a variety of non-trophic, habitat-dependent relationships. Freshwater marshes and peatlands are dynamic aquatic environments and organisms that occupy these areas must be adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions. The avian community illustrates the main interactions of invertebrates and vertebrates in peatlands and marshes. Waterfowl, along with fish and furbearers, are the most economically important vertebrates using these habitats. Each of these groups has important trophic and habitat links to the invertebrates within wetlands.The most common interaction between vertebrates and invertebrates is the use of invertebrates as food by vertebrates. Few studies, however, have dealt with trophic dynamics or secondary production within wetlands. Waterfowl, fish, and many other wetland vertebrates, during all or part of their life cycles, regularly feed on invertebrates. Some invertebrates are vectors of disease and parasites to vertebrates. Vertebrates can directly affect the structural substrate that invertebrates depend on as habitat through consumption of macrophytes or through the use of living and dead plant material in the construction of houses and nests. Conversely, herbivorous invertebrates may directly affect the survival and distribution of macrophytes in wetlands. Macrophyte distribution, in turn, is an important factor in determining vertebrate use of wetlands. The general lack of both taxonomic and ecological information on invertebrates in wetlands is the main hindrance to future elucidation of vertebrate–invertebrate interactions in these environments. Development of invertebrate sampling techniques suitable for wetland habitats also is necessary. More specific research needs must be met to develop a better understanding of the structure and function of these dynamic systems.

Résumé

Cette contribution fait le point sur les interactions entre invertébrés et vertébrés des tourbières et des marécages afin d'évaluer l'état des connaissances et les besoins de recherche. Les organismes vivants peuvent interagir en manifestant entre eux divers rapports trophiques et nutritionnels directs, et diverses relations non-trophiques, dépendantes de l'habitat. Les tourbières et les marécages d'eau douce sont des milieux aquatiques dynamiques, et les organismes qu'il y vivent doivent s'adapter à une grande variété de conditions environnementales. La communauté avienne est responsable des interactions dominantes entre invertébrés et vertébrés dans les tourbières et les marécages. La sauvagine avec les poissons et les animaux à fourrure sont les vertébrés ayant l'importance économique la plus grande dans ces habitats. Chacun de ces groupes entretient des liens trophiques et des liens dépendants de l'habitat avec les invertébrés de ces milieux humides.L'interaction la plus commune entre les vertébrés et les invertébrés est l'utilisation de ces derniers comme source de nourriture par les premiers. Peu d'études se sont attardées à la dynamique des relations trophiques et à la production secondaire dans les milieux humides. La sauvagine, le poisson et plusieurs autres vertébrés des milieux humides se nourrissent normalement d'invertébrés durant au moins une partie de leur cycle. Certains invertébrés sont vecteurs de maladies et parasites de vertébrés. Les vertébrés peuvent affecter directement le substrat servant d'habitat aux invertébrés en consommant les macrophytes ou en utilisant du matériel végétal mort ou vivant pour la construction d'abris ou de nids. Inversement, les invertébrés herbivores peuvent affecter directement la survie et la répartition des macrophytes dans les milieux humides. La répartition des macrophytes est à son tour un facteur important qui détermine l'utilisation de milieux humides par les vertébrés. L'insuffisance des connaissances sur la taxonomie et l'écologie des invertébrés des milieux humides est la principale barrière qui se dresse devant l'élucidation des interactions vertébrés–invertébrés dans ces milieux. Le développement de techniques d'échantillonnage des invertébrés dans les milieux humides sera aussi essentielle. On devra atteindre des objectifs de recherche très spécifiques afin de mieux comprendre la structrue et le fonctionnement de ces écosystèmes dynamiques.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada , Volume 119 , Supplement S140 , 1987 , pp. 15 - 30
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1987

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