Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T02:06:38.739Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Analysis of Counterfeit Coated Tablets and Multi-Layer Packaging Materials Using Infrared Microspectroscopic Imaging

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2016

Taryn L. Winner ,
Adam Lanzarotta  and
André J. Sommer
Taryn L. Winner*
Affiliation:
Molecular Microspectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
Adam Lanzarotta
Affiliation:
United States Food and Drug Administration Forensic Chemistry Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
André J. Sommer
Affiliation:
Molecular Microspectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
*
*Corresponding author. winnertl@miamioh.edu
Get access

Abstract

An effective method for detecting and characterizing counterfeit finished dosage forms and packaging materials is described in this study. Using attenuated total internal reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging, suspect tablet coating and core formulations as well as multi-layered foil safety seals, bottle labels, and cigarette tear tapes were analyzed and compared directly with those of a stored authentic product. The approach was effective for obtaining molecular information from structures as small as 6 μm.

Keywords

ATRFTIRcounterfeitpackagingpharmaceuticals
Type
Biological Applications
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 22 , Issue 3 , June 2016 , pp. 649 - 655
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America 2016

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Almuzanini, T., Choonara, I. & Sammons, H. (2013). Substandard and counterfeit medicines: A systematic review of the literature. BMJ Open 3, e002923.Google Scholar
Born, M. & Wolf, E. (1965). Principles of Optics, 3rd ed. Oxford: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Cockburn, R., Newton, P.N., Kyeremateng Agyarko, E., Akunyili, D. & White, N.J. (2005). The global threat of counterfeit drugs: Why industry and governments must communicate the dangers. PLoS Med 2, 302–308.Google Scholar
Fahrenfort, J. (1961). Attenuated total reflection: A new principal for the production of useful infra-red reflection spectra of organic compounds. Spectrochim Acta 17, 698–709.Google Scholar
Flynn, K., O’Leary, R., Roux, C., Lennard, C. & Reedy, B.J. (2005). Forensic application of infrared chemical imaging: Multi-layered paint chips. J Forensic Sci 50, 832–841.Google Scholar
Flynn, K., O’Leary, R., Roux, C. & Reedy, B.J. (2006). Forensic analysis of bicomponent fibers using infrared chemical imaging. J Forensic Sci 51, 586–596.Google Scholar
Griffiths, P.R. & de Haseth, J.A. (2007). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Gulley-Stahl, H.J., Sommer, A.J. & Evan, A.P. (2010). Evanescent wave imaging. In Vibrational Spectroscopic Imaging for Biomedical Applications, Srinivasan, G. (Ed.), pp. 99–121. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Harrick, N.J. (1960). Study of physics and chemistry of surfaces from frustrated total internal reflections. Phys Rev Lett 4, 224–226.Google Scholar
Harrick, N.J., Milosevic, M. & Berets, S.L. (1991). Advances in optical spectroscopy: The ultra-small sample analyzer. Appl Spectrosc 45, 944–948.Google Scholar
Lanzarotta, A. (2015). Approximating the detection limit of an infrared spectroscopic imaging microscope operating in an attenuated total reflection (ATR) modality: Theoretical and empirical results for an instrument using a linear array detector and a 1.5 millimeter germanium hemisphere internal reflection element. Appl Spectrosc 69, 205–214.Google Scholar
Lanzarotta, A. (2016). Analysis of forensic casework utilizing infrared spectroscopic imaging. Sensors 16, 1–12. Available at http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/3/278/html.10.3390/s16030278Google Scholar
Lanzarotta, A., Baumann, L., Story, G.M., Witkowski, M.R., Khan, F., Sommers, A. & Sommer, A.J. (2009). Rapid molecular imaging using attenuated total internal reflection planar array infrared spectroscopy for the analysis of counterfeit pharmaceutical tablets. Appl Spectrosc 63, 979–991.Google Scholar
Lanzarotta, A., Crowe, J.B., Witkowski, M.R. & Gamble, B.M. (2012). A multidisciplinary approach for the analysis of an adulterated dietary supplement where the active pharmaceutical ingredient was embedded in the capsule shell. J Pharm Biomed Anal 67, 22–27.10.1016/j.jpba.2012.04.023Google Scholar
Lanzarotta, A., Gratz, S., Brueggemeyer, T.W. & Witkowski, M.R. (2011 a). A targeted approach to detect controlled substances in suspect tablets using attenuated total internal reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic imaging. Spectroscopy 26, 34–41.Google Scholar
Lanzarotta, A. & Kelley, C.M. (2016). Forensic analysis of human autopsy tissue for the presence of polydimethylsiloxane (silicone) and volatile cyclic siloxanes using macro FT-IR, FT-IR spectroscopic imaging and headspace GC-MS. J Forensic Sci 1–8.Google Scholar
Lanzarotta, A., Lakes, K., Marcott, C.A., Witkowski, M.R. & Sommer, A.J. (2011 b). Analysis of counterfeit pharmaceutical tablet cores utilizing macroscopic infrared spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopic imaging. Anal Chem 83, 5972–5978.Google Scholar
Lewis, L. & Sommer, A.J. (1999). Attenuated total internal reflection microspectroscopy of isolated particles: Alternative approach to current methods. Appl Spectrosc 53, 375–380.Google Scholar
Lewis, L. & Sommer, A.J. (2000). Attenuated total internal reflection infrared mapping microspectroscopy of soft materials. Appl Spectrosc 54, 324–330.Google Scholar
Ling, C. & Sommer, A.J. (2015). The advantages of an attenuated total internal reflection infrared microspectroscopic imaging technique for the analysis of polymer laminates. Microsc Microanal 21, 626–636.Google Scholar
Mirabella, F.M. (1998). Attenuated total reflection spectroscopy. In Modern Techniques in Applied Molecular Spectroscopy, Mirabella, F.M. (Ed.), pp. 127–184. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Pluta, M. (1998). Advanced Light Microscopy. Warsaw: Polish Scientific Publishers.Google Scholar
Sommer, A.J. & Katon, J.E. (1991). Diffraction-induced stray light in infrared microspectroscopy and its effect on spatial resolution. Appl Spectrosc 45, 1633–1640.Google Scholar
Sommer, A.J., Tisinger, L.G., Marcott, C. & Story, G.M. (2001). Attenuated total internal reflection infrared mapping microscopy using an imaging microscope. Appl Spectrosc 55, 252–256.Google Scholar
Voronko, Y., Chernev, B.S. & Eder, G.C. (2014). Spectroscopic investigations on thin adhesive layers in multi-material laminates. Appl Spectrosc 68, 584–592.10.1366/13-07291Google Scholar