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Atomic Force Microscopy Characterization of the External Cortical Bone Surface in Young and Elderly Women: Potential Nanostructural Traces of Periosteal Bone Apposition During Aging

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 June 2013

Petar Milovanovic ,
Marija Djuric ,
Olivera Neskovic ,
Danijela Djonic ,
Jelena Potocnik ,
Slobodan Nikolic ,
Milovan Stoiljkovic ,
Vladimir Zivkovic  and
Zlatko Rakocevic
Petar Milovanovic
Affiliation:
University of Belgrade, School of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Laboratory for Anthropology, 4/2 Dr Subotica, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
Marija Djuric*
Affiliation:
University of Belgrade, School of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Laboratory for Anthropology, 4/2 Dr Subotica, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
Olivera Neskovic
Affiliation:
University of Belgrade, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, P.O. Box 522, 11 001 Belgrade, Serbia
Danijela Djonic
Affiliation:
University of Belgrade, School of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Laboratory for Anthropology, 4/2 Dr Subotica, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
Jelena Potocnik
Affiliation:
University of Belgrade, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, P.O. Box 522, 11 001 Belgrade, Serbia
Slobodan Nikolic
Affiliation:
University of Belgrade, School of Medicine, Institute of Forensic Medicine, 31a Deligradska, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
Milovan Stoiljkovic
Affiliation:
University of Belgrade, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, P.O. Box 522, 11 001 Belgrade, Serbia
Vladimir Zivkovic
Affiliation:
University of Belgrade, School of Medicine, Institute of Forensic Medicine, 31a Deligradska, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
Zlatko Rakocevic
Affiliation:
University of Belgrade, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, P.O. Box 522, 11 001 Belgrade, Serbia
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: marijadjuric5@gmail.com
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Abstract

On the basis of the suggestion that bone nanostructure bears “tissue age” information and may reflect surface deposition/modification processes, we performed nanoscale characterization of the external cortical bone surface at the femoral neck in women using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The specific aims were to assess age-related differences in bone nanostructure and explore the existence of nanostructural traces of potential bone apposition at this surface. Our findings revealed that the external cortical surface represents a continuous phase composed of densely packed mineral grains. Although the grains varied in size and shape, there was a domination of small grains indicative of freshly deposited bone (mean grain size: young, 35 nm; old, 37 nm; p > 0.05). Advanced quantitative analysis of surface morphological patterns revealed comparable roughness and complexity of the surface, suggesting a similar rate of mineral particle deposition at the surface in both groups. Calcium/phosphorus ratio, a measure of bone tissue age, was within the same range in both groups. In summary, our AFM analyses showed consistent nanostructural and compositional bone features, suggesting existence of new bone at the periosteal bone surface in both young and elderly women. Considering observed age-related increase in the neck diameter, AFM findings may support the theory of continuous bone apposition at the periosteal surface.

Keywords

atomic force microscopy (AFM)bonenanostructureperiosteal surfaceagingfemoral neck
Type
Biological Applications
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 19 , Issue 5 , October 2013 , pp. 1341 - 1349
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America 2013 

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