Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-19T03:42:32.221Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Characterization of Cold Spray Titanium Deposits by X-Ray Microscopy and Microtomography

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 May 2008

Saden H. Zahiri ,
Sheridan C. Mayo,  and
Mahnaz Jahedi
Saden H. Zahiri
Affiliation:
CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Gate 5, Normanby Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
Sheridan C. Mayo,*
Affiliation:
CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Gate 5, Normanby Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
Mahnaz Jahedi
Affiliation:
CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Gate 5, Normanby Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
*
Corresponding author. E-mail: Sherry.Mayo@csiro.au
Get access

Abstract

Cold gas dynamic spray (cold spray) is a rapid deposition technology in which particles deposit at velocities above the speed of sound (∼340 ms−1). Generally, porosity forms in cold spray deposits due to insufficient deformation of particles. In this study, the unique capability of the X-ray microscopy and microtomography is utilized to visualize the internal structure of deposited material. The results show that this characterization technique successfully reveals porosities in the cold spray commercial purity (CP) titanium structure. Furthermore, microtomography images confirmed the experimental results for porosity measurements in which helium (compared with nitrogen) as carrier gas significantly decreases porosity in cold spray CP titanium.

Keywords

X-ray microscopymicrotomographycold spraySEM
Type
Materials Applications
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 14 , Issue 3 , June 2008 , pp. 260 - 266
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Assadi, H., Gärtner, F., Stoltenhoff, T. & Kreye, H. (2003). Bonding mechanism in cold gas spraying. Acta Mater 51, 4379–4394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baltag, L., Watanabe, K. & Miyakawa, O. (2005). Internal porosity of cast titanium removable partial dentures: Influence of sprue direction and diameter on porosity in simplified cirumferential clasps. Dental Materials 21, 530–537.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyer, R.R. (1996). An overview on the use of titanium in the aerospace industry. Mater Sci Eng A 213, 103–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donachie, M.J. Jr. (2000). Titanium: A Technical Guide, 2nd ed.Materials Park, OH: ASM International.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilmore, D.L., Dykhuizen, R.C., Neiser, R.A., Roemer, T.J. & Smith, M.F. (1999). Particle velocity and deposition efficiency in the cold spray process. J Therm Spray Technol 8, 576–582.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karthikeyan, J. (2004). Cold spray technology: International status and USA efforts, Report from ASB Industries Inc., Barbeton, OH, pp. 1–14.Google Scholar
Karthikeyan, J., Kay, C.M., Lindeman, J., Lima, R.S. & Berndt, C.C. (2000). Cold spray processing of titanium powder. In Proceedings 1st International Thermal Spray Conference (ITSC 2000), Berndt, C.C. (Ed.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada, pp. 255–262. Materials Park, OH: ASM International.Google Scholar
Li, C.J. & Li, W.Y. (2003). Deposition characteristics of titanium coating in cold spraying. Surf Coat Technol 167, 278–283.Google Scholar
Lütjering, G. & Williams, J.C. (2003). Titanium. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayo, S.C., Miller, P.R., Wilkins, S.W., Davis, T.J., Gao, D., Gureyev, T.E., Paganin, D., Parry, D.J., Pogany, A. & Stevenson, A.W. (2002). Quantitative X-ray projection microscopy: Phase-contrast and multi-spectral imaging. J Microscopy 207, 79–96.Google Scholar
Niinomi, M. (1998). Mechanical properties of biomedical titanium alloys. Mater Sci Eng A 234, 231–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paganin, D., Mayo, S.C., Gureyev, T.E., Miller, P.R. & Wilkins, S.W. (2002). Simultaneous phase and amplitude extraction from a single defocused image of a homogeneous object. J Microscopy 206, 33–40.Google Scholar
Pohler, O.E.M. (2000). Unalloyed titanium for implants in bone surgery. Injury 31(Suppl D), 7–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zahiri, S.H., Fraser, D., Gulizia, S. & Jahedi, M. (2006). Effect of processing conditions on porosity formation in cold gas dynamic spraying of copper. J Therm Spray Technol 15, 422–430.Google Scholar