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Spectroscopic and Microscopic Study of Peroxyformic Pulping of Agave Waste

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 October 2016

Hilda M. Hernández-Hernández ,
Jorge J. Chanona-Pérez ,
Alberto Vega ,
Pablo Ligero ,
Reynold R. Farrera-Rebollo ,
Jorge A. Mendoza-Pérez ,
Georgina Calderón-Domínguez  and
Norma Güemes Vera
Hilda M. Hernández-Hernández*
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1, Tulancingo, C.P. 43600, Hidalgo, México
Jorge J. Chanona-Pérez
Affiliation:
Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, México D.F.
Alberto Vega
Affiliation:
Research Group EnQA, Department of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Faculty of Science, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña. Spain
Pablo Ligero
Affiliation:
Research Group EnQA, Department of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Faculty of Science, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña. Spain
Reynold R. Farrera-Rebollo
Affiliation:
Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, México D.F.
Jorge A. Mendoza-Pérez
Affiliation:
Departamento Ingeniería en Sistemas Ambientales, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Wilfrido Massieu s/n U, Profesor Adolfo López Mateos, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07738, México D.F.
Georgina Calderón-Domínguez
Affiliation:
Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, México D.F.
Norma Güemes Vera
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1, Tulancingo, C.P. 43600, Hidalgo, México
*
* Corresponding author.hilda2hdez@hotmail.com
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Abstract

The peroxyformic process is based on the action of a carboxylic acid (mainly formic acid) and the corresponding peroxyacid. The influences of processing time (60–180 min), formic acid concentration (80–95%), temperature (60–80°C), and hydrogen peroxide concentration (2–4%) on peroxyformic pulping of agave leaves were studied by surface response methodology using a face-centered factorial design. Empirical models were obtained for the prediction of yield, κ number (KN) and pulp viscosity as functions of the aforementioned variables. Mathematical optimization enabled us to select a set of operational variables that produced the best fractionation of the material with the following results: pulp yield (26.9%), KN (3.6), and pulp viscosity (777 mL/g). Furthermore, this work allowed the description and evaluation of changes to the agave fibers during the fractionation process using different microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, and provided a comprehensive and qualitative view of the phenomena occurring in the delignification of agave fibers. The use of confocal and scanning electron microscopy provided a detailed understanding of the microstructural changes to the lignin and cellulose in the fibers throughout the process, whereas Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that cellulose in the pulp after treatment was mainly of type I.

Keywords

agave fibersperoxyformic processmicroscopyRaman spectroscopy
Type
Biological Applications
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 22 , Issue 5 , October 2016 , pp. 1084 - 1097
Copyright
© Microscopy Society of America 2016 

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