Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-q6k6v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-14T01:10:44.506Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Teaching an Old Material New Tricks: Easy and Inexpensive Focused Ion Beam (FIB) Sample Protection Using Conductive Polymers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 May 2017

Joshua A. Taillon*
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
Valery Ray
Affiliation:
PBS&T, MEO Engineering Company, 290 Broadway, Suite 298, Methuen, MA 01844, USA
Lourdes G. Salamanca-Riba
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
*
*Corresponding author. joshua.taillon@nist.gov
Get access

Abstract

This letter describes an innovative spin-coating system, built from off-the-shelf components, that can easily and inexpensively be integrated into any laboratory environment. Combined with a liquid suspension of conductive polymer, such a “rotary coater” enables simple coating of planar samples to create a physical protective barrier on the sample surface. This barrier aids in charge dissipation during scanning electron microscope and focused ion beam (FIB) imaging and provides wide-scale protection of the sample surface from ion bombardment during FIB imaging and gas-assisted deposition. This polymer layer replaces the localized and time-consuming electron beam deposition step typically performed during transmission electron microscopy lamella preparation. After observation, the coating can be easily removed, if desired. The described spin-coating procedure has minimal cost while providing repeatable positive results, without the need for expensive commercial coating instrumentation.

Type
Micrographia
Copyright
© Microscopy Society of America 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Current address: Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.

References

Alias, M.S., Liao, H.-Y., Ng, T.K. & Ooi, B.S. (2015). Charging suppression in focused-ion beam fabrication of visible subwavelength dielectric grating reflector using electron conducting polymer. J Vac Sci Technol B 33, 06F701.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dylewicz, R., Klauke, N., Cooper, J. & Rahman, F. (2011). Conductive polymers for advanced micro- and nano-fabrication processes. Mater Matt 6, 1821.Google Scholar
Giannuzzi, L.A. & Stevie, F.A. (Eds.) (2005). Introduction to Focused Ion Beams: Instrumentation, Theory, Techniques and Practice. New York, NY: Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldstein, J.I., Lyman, C., Newbury, D., Lifshin, E., Echlin, P., Sawyer, L., Joy, D.C. & Micheal, J. (2003). Scanning Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis. New York, NY: Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greco, F., Zucca, A., Taccola, S., Menciassi, A., Fujie, T., Haniuda, H., Takeoka, S., Dario, P. & Mattoli, V. (2011). Ultra-thin conductive free-standing PEDOT/PSS nanofilms. Soft Matter 7, 10642.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janeiro, R., Flores, R., Dahal, P. & Viegas, J. (2016). Fabrication of a phase photon sieve on an optical fiber tip by focused ion beam nanomachining for improved fiber to silicon photonics waveguide light coupling. Opt Express 24, 1161111625.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joy, D.C. (1989). Control of charging in low-voltage SEM. Scanning 11, 14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Letheby, H. (1862). XXIX.—On the production of a blue substance by the electrolysis of sulphate of aniline. J Chem Soc 15, 161163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCaffrey, J.P., Phaneuf, M.W. & Madsen, L.D. (2001). Surface damage formation during ion-beam thinning of samples for transmission electron microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 87, 97104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation (2004). aquaSAVE Technical Information. Available upon request from Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation and online at https://perma.cc/7VLT-3EPZ (retrieved June 20, 2016).Google Scholar
Moncrieff, D.A., Robinson, V.N.E. & Harris, L.B. (1978). Charge neutralization of insulating surfaces in the SEM by gas ionization. J Phys D Appl Phys 11, 23152325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaffer, M., Schaffer, B. & Ramasse, Q. (2012). Sample preparation for atomic-resolution STEM at low voltages by FIB. Ultramicroscopy 114, 6271.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shirakawa, H. (2001). The discovery of polyacetylene film—The dawning of an era of conducting polymers (2000 Nobel Prize Lecture). Curr Appl Phys 1, 281286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Showa Denko (2008). ESPACER Technical Report. Available online at https://perma.cc/UTG5-VA2K (retrieved November 21, 2016).Google Scholar
Stokes, D.J., Vystavel, T. & Morrissey, F. (2007). Focused ion beam (FIB) milling of electrically insulating specimens using simultaneous primary electron and ion beam irradiation. J Phys D Appl Phys 40, 874877.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sukanek, P.C. (1991). Dependence of film thickness on speed in spin coating. J Electrochem Soc 138, 1712.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Talbot, C.G. & Trexler, T.M. (1994). Focused ion beam processing with charge control. US Patent 5357116.Google Scholar