¹ I am using the word as Chafe does. Cf. Chafe, Wallace L., Meaning and the Structure of Language (University of Chicago Press, 1970), pp. 101–2.Google Scholar

² Hattori, Shirô, ‘Imi’ in Hattori, S., Sawada, N., and Tajima, S., eds., Gengo, Iwanami Tetsugaku Kôza XI (Tokyo: 1971), p. 306.Google Scholar

³ Fillmore, Charles J., ‘Review of Bernard Saint-Jacques, Analyse structurale de la syntaxe du japonais moderne’, Language XLV (1969), 209–16.Google Scholar

⁴ Kindaichi, Haruhiko, Nihongo (Tokyo: 1957), p. 206.Google Scholar

⁵ Ibid., pp. 187 f.

⁶ For more on this see Yukawa, Yasutoshi, ‘Shugo ni kansuru kôsatsu’, Gengo Kenkyû LI (1967), 30–51Google Scholar; and a series of notes in Kotoba no Uchû (1967–1968) by Y. Yukawa, M. Hashimoto, N. Sawada, S. Kuroda, and A. Mikami.

⁷ Kawabata, Yasunari, Collected Works, Nihon Gendai Bungaku Zenshû vol. 66 (Kôdansha: Tokyo, 1961), p. 256.Google Scholar

⁸ Seidensticker, Edward G., tr., The Sound of the Mountain (Alfred Knopf: New York, 1970), p. 3.Google Scholar

⁹ Hosaka, Hiroshi, ed., Tsurezuregusa (Gakutôsha: Tokyo, 1962), p. 14.Google Scholar

¹⁰ Sapir, E. and Swadesh, M., ‘American Indian Grammatical Categories’, Word II 1946), p. III.Google Scholar