Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-x5cpj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-25T13:16:12.888Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Plasma Synthesis of Ceramic Powders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2013

D.S. Phillips  and
G.J. Vogt
Get access

Extract

Condensation from plasmas has been shown to yield very fine, high purity powders from even the most refractory materials. Elementary particles in these powders are often single crystals, as fine as 50 nm diameter. These particles vary widely in agglomeration state; in some systems they are essentially independent, while in others hard agglomerates as large as several microns are observed. In this article the geometric aspects of reactor design which are thought to influence these powder structures are reviewed, along with three case studies in powder microstructure. Finally, the structure of the “typical” plasma powder is compared with expectations from alternative preparation routes.

The development of new, energy-efficient processing strategies for ceramic fabrication has become a rapid growth field over the last ten years. Most of these strategies rely on minimizing diffusion requirements during densification by improving both the chemical homogeneity and the initial density of the powder compact to be consolidated; both requirements dictate unusual care in the synthesis of the starting powders. In the oxide systems most extensively studied to date, the required powders can often be produced by precipitation from aqueous solutions and/or emulsions. In the carbide and nitride systems widely envisaged for the next generation of structural applications, these techniques are difficult and gas-phase synthesis routes appear more attractive. In fact, even the leading practitioners of the precipitation arts write enthusiastically of aerosol synthesis methods for the oxides.

Type
Ceramics
Information
MRS Bulletin , Volume 12 , Issue 7 , November 1987 , pp. 54 - 59
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Ultrastructure Processing of Ceramics, Glasses, and Composites, edited by Hench, L.L. and Ulrich, D.R. (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1984).Google Scholar
2.Better Ceramics Through Chemistry, edited by Brinker, C.J., Clarke, D.E., and Ulrich, D.R. (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 32, Elsevier, New York, 1984).Google Scholar
3.Science of Ceramic Chemical Processing, edited by Hench, L.L. and Ulrich, D.R. (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1986).Google Scholar
4.Better Ceramics Through Chemistry II, edited by Brinker, C.J., Clark, D.E., and Ulrich, D.R. (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 73, Pittsburgh, PA, 1986).Google Scholar
5.Matijevic, E., in Reference 1, p. 334.Google Scholar
6.Barringer, E., Jubb, N., Fegley, B., Pober, R.L., and Bowen, H.K., in Reference 1, p. 315.Google Scholar
7.Visca, M. and Matijevic, E., J. Coll. Interface Sci. 68 (1979) p. 308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Vogt, G.J. and Newkirk, L.R., “Thermal Plasma Chemical Synthesis of Powders,” in Proceedings of the Symposium on High Temperature Materials Chemistry-III (The Electrochemical Society, Pennington, NJ, 1986).Google Scholar
9.Akashi, K., Pure and Appl. Chem. 57 (1985) p. 1197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Young, R.M. and Pfender, E., Plas. Chem. and Plas. Proc. 5 (1985) p. 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Fauchais, P., Boudrin, E., Coudert, J.F., and McPherson, R., in Plasma Chemistry IV, edited by Veprek, S. and Venugopalan, M. (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1983) p. 59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Rykalin, N.N., Pure and Appl. Chem. 48 (1976) p. 179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Boulos, M.I., in Plasma Processing and Synthesis of Materials, edited by Szekely, J. and Apelian, D. (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 30, Pittsburgh, PA, 1984) p. 53.Google Scholar
14.Boulos, M.I., Pure and Appl. Chem. 57 (1985) p. 1321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Mostaghimi, J., Proulx, P., and Boulos, M.I., Plas. Chem. and Plas. Proc. 4 (1984) p. 199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Proulx, P., Mostaghimi, J., and Boulos, M.I., Plas. Chem. and Plas. Proc. 7 (1987) p. 29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Yoshida, T., Tani, T., Nishimura, H., and Akashi, K., J. Appl. Phys. 54 (1983) p. 640.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Haggerty, J.S. in Reference 1, p. 353.Google Scholar
19.Flint, J.H., Marra, R.A., and Haggerty, J.S., Aerosol Sci. and Tech. 5 (1986) p. 249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Suyama, Y., Marra, R.M., Haggerty, J.S., and Bowen, H.K., Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 64 (1985) p. 1356.Google Scholar
21.Kagawa, M., Kikuchi, M., Ohno, R., and Nagae, T., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 64 (1981) p. C–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Kagawa, M., Honda, F., Onodera, H., and Nagae, T., Mater. Res. Bull. 18 (1983) p. 1081.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Kagawa, M., Kikuchi, M., Sohnyo, Y., and Nagae, T., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 66 (1983) p. 751.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Ono, T., Kagawa, M., Syono, Y-T., Ikebe, M., and Muto, Y., Plas. Chem. Plas. Proc. 7 (1987) p. 201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Vogt, G.J., Phillips, D.S., and Taylor, T.N., in Advances in Ceramics 21, edited by Messing, G.L.et al. (American Ceramic Society, Westerville, OH, 1987) p. 203.Google Scholar
26.Vogt, G.J., unpublished research.Google Scholar
27.Tani, T., Yoshida, T., and Akashi, K., Yogyo Kyokai-shi 94 (1986) p. 11 [Jpn. J. Ceram. Indust. 94 (1986) p. 11].CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Futaki, S., Shiraishi, K., Shimizu, T., and Yoshida, T., Yogyo Kyokai-shi 94 (1986) p. 17 [Jpn. J. Ceram. Indust. 94 (1986) p. 17].CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Keefer, K.D., in Reference 2, p. 15; in Reference 3, p. 131.Google Scholar
30.Kato, A., Ozaki, T., and Hojo, J., J. Less-Common Metals 92 (1983) p. L5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31.Hollabaugh, C.M., Hull, D.E., Newkirk, L.R., and Petrovic, J.J., J. Mater. Sci. 18 (1983) p. 3190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Chaudhuri, P. and Matthews, J.W., Appl. Phys. Lett. 17 (1970) p. 115; J. Appl. Phys 42 (1971) p. 3063.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33.McPherson, R., in press.Google Scholar
34.Mazdiyasni, K.S., in Reference 2, p. 175.Google Scholar
35.Stober, W., Fink, A., and Bohn, E., J. Coll. Int. Sci. 26 (1968) p. 62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar