Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T19:17:26.558Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy of CdTe Solar Cells Measured Under Different Bias Conditions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Helio Moutinho ,
Ramesh Dhere ,
Chun-Sheng Jiang  and
Mowafak Al-Jassim
Helio Moutinho
Affiliation:
helio_moutinho@nrel.gov, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, United States
Ramesh Dhere
Affiliation:
ramesh.dhere@nrel.gov, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, United States
Chun-Sheng Jiang
Affiliation:
chun.sheng.jiang@nrel.gov, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, United States
Mowafak Al-Jassim
Affiliation:
mowafak.aljassim@nrel.gov, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, United States
Get access

Abstract

We have investigated different methods for preparing CdTe/CdS cross sections for electrical measurements, including the following: cleaving; using GaAs substrates; and sandwiching the structure between the substrate and a glass slide, and polishing with diamond discs and alumina suspension. The latter method proved to be the most reliable, with a success rate of over 90%.

We investigated cross sections of CdTe/CdS samples with scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) using two different methods: applying the alternate bias with a frequency equal to 18.5 kHz, or equal to the frequency of the second cantilever resonance peak. The results showed that using the second resonance frequency produced a smoother signal, allowing the calculation of the electric field inside the device using just the raw SKPM data.

We were able to measure the distribution of the electrical potential inside working devices. Then, by taking the first derivative of the potential, we calculated the electric field and determined the location of the p-n junction.

Keywords

II-VIscanning probe microscopy (SPM)electrical properties
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1165: Symposium M – Thin-Film Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics–2009 , 2009 , 1165-M08-28
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Durose, K. Edwards, P.R. and Halliday, D.P. J. Cryst. Growth 197, 733(1999).Google Scholar
2. Nonnenmacher, M. O'Boyle, M.P., and Wickramasinghe, H.K. Appl. Phys. Lett. 58, 2921(1991).Google Scholar
3. Rosenthal, P.A. and Yu, E.T. J. Appl. Phys. 87, 1937(2000).Google Scholar
4. Ballif, C. Moutinho, H.R. and Al-Jassim, M.M., J. Appl. Phys. 82, 556(2003).Google Scholar
5. Visoly-Fisher, I., Cohen, S.R. and Cahen, D. Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 556(2003).Google Scholar
6. McCandless, B.E. and Rykov, S. Proc. 33rd IEEE Photovol. Spec. Conf. (IEEE, San Diego, 2008) 179.Google Scholar
7. Jiang, C.S. Moutinho, H.R. Reedy, R. Al-Jassim, M.M., and Blosse, A. J. Appl. Phys. 104, 104501(2008).Google Scholar
8. Moutinho, H.R. Dhere, R.G. Jiang, C.S. Gessert, T. Duda, A. Young, M. Metzger, W.K. and Al-Jassim, M.M., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 25, 361(2007).Google Scholar
9. Kikukawa, A. Hosaka, S. and Imura, R. Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 3510(1995).Google Scholar
10. Jiang, C.S. Friedman, D.J. Geisz, J.F. Moutinho, H.R. Romero, M.J. and Al-Jassim, M.M., Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 1572(2003).Google Scholar