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Transportation of Na and Li in Hydrothermally Grown ZnO

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Pekka Tapio Neuvonen ,
Lasse Vines ,
Klaus Magnus Johansen ,
Anders Hallén ,
Bengt Gunnar Svensson  and
Andrej Yu. Kuznetsov
Pekka Tapio Neuvonen
Affiliation:
p.t.neuvonen@smn.uio.no, University of Oslo, Centre for Material Science and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, Oslo, Norway
Lasse Vines
Affiliation:
lasse.vines@fys.uio.no, University of Oslo, Centre for Material Science and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, Oslo, Norway
Klaus Magnus Johansen
Affiliation:
k.m.h.johansen@fys.uio.no, University of Oslo, Centre for Material Science and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, Oslo, Norway
Anders Hallén
Affiliation:
Anders.Hallen@angstrom.uu.se, Royal Institute of Technology, School of ICT, Department of Microelectronics and Applied Physics, Kista, Sweden
Bengt Gunnar Svensson
Affiliation:
b.g.svensson@fys.uio.no, University of Oslo, Centre for Material Science and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, Oslo, Norway
Andrej Yu. Kuznetsov
Affiliation:
andrej.kuznetsov@fys.uio.no, University of Oslo, Centre for Material Science and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, Oslo, Norway
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Abstract

Secondary ion mass spectrometry has been applied to study the transportation of Na and Li in hydrothermally grown ZnO. A dose of 1015 cm-2 of Na+ was implanted into ZnO to act as a diffusion source. A clear trap limited diffusion is observed at temperatures above 550 °C. From these profiles, an activation energy for the transport of Na of ∼1.7 eV has been extracted. The prefactor for the diffusion constant and the solid solubility of Na cannot be deduced independently from the present data but their product estimated to be ∼3 × 1016 cm-1s-1. A dissociation energy of ∼2.4 eV is extracted for the trapped Na. The measured Na and Li profiles show that Li and Na compete for the same traps and interact in a way that Li is depleted from Na-rich regions. This is attributed to a lower formation energy of Na-on-zinc-site than that for Li-on-zinc-site defects and the zinc vacancy is considered as a major trap for migrating Na and Li atoms. Consequently, the diffusivity of Li is difficult to extract accurately from the present data, but in its interstitial configuration Li is indeed highly mobile having a diffusivity in excess of 10-11 cm2s-1 at 500 °C.

Keywords

diffusionsecondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS)Na
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1201: Symposium H – Zinc Oxide and Related Materials-2009 , 2009 , 1201-H02-05
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2010

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