Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-16T10:20:11.188Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Low-Resistivity Amorphous Silicon for Contacts Using Low-Temperature Rapid Thermal Annealing

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 February 2011

Lynnita Knoch
Affiliation:
Motorola Inc., Advanced Custom Technology Center, 2200 W. Broadway Rd., Mesa, AZ 85202
Gordon Tam
Affiliation:
Motorola Inc., Advanced Custom Technology Center, 2200 W. Broadway Rd., Mesa, AZ 85202
N. David Theodore
Affiliation:
Motorola Inc., Advanced Custom Technology Center, 2200 W. Broadway Rd., Mesa, AZ 85202
Ron Pennell
Affiliation:
Motorola Inc., Advanced Custom Technology Center, 2200 W. Broadway Rd., Mesa, AZ 85202
Get access

Abstract

Fabrication of SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) requires a low thermal budget to avoid relaxation of the strained SiGe base layer. Ion implantation is one of the most widely used techniques to achieve contacts. However, due to thermal budget constraints, low temperature rapid thermal annealing (RTA) cycles to activate these implants are insufficient to anneal out all of the implant damage. Polysilicon contacts provide an alternative to ion implantation, but are typically annealed at high temperatures (>950°C) to achieve low sheet resistivity. In this study, amorphous silicon and polycrystalline silicon films were implanted with boron, arsenic, or phosphorus and RTA'd at temperatures from 800°C to 950°C and compared to single crystal silicon with identical implants and RTA cycles. The films were characterized using four-point probe, Hall measurements, TEM (transmission electron microscopy), and SIMS (secondary-ion mass-spectrometry). TEM analysis shows that the amorphous deposition produces larger grains upon RTA due to more rapid grain growth than the polycrystalline deposition. The sheet resistance for the amorphous deposited films is much lower than that of the polycrystalline deposition for all implant conditions. Activations of the implants indicate that the arsenic and phosphorus segregate to the grain boundaries, while the boron does not. The segregation is more significant for the polycrystalline films than for the amorphous films and can be explained by the grain boundary area. For contacts to the SiGe HBT, which requires a low thermal budget, an amorphous deposited silicon film is advantageous over a polycrystalline film at low annealing temperatures because it has lower sheet resistance, less segregation to the grain boundaries, and produces larger grains.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Harame, D.L., Ganin, E., Comfort, J.H., Sun, J.Y.C., Acovic, A., Cohen, S.A., Ronsheim, P.A., Verdonckt-Vandebroek, S., Restie, P.J., Ratanaphanyarat, S., Saccamango, M.J., Johnson, J.B., and Furkay, S.A., in IEDM Tech. Dig., 645648, 1991.Google Scholar
2. Theodore, N.D., Knoch, L., and Christiansen, J. in Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Electron Microscopy Society of America, edited by Bailey, G.W., (San Francisco Press, San Francisco, 1991) pp. 890891.Google Scholar
3. Whitfield, J., Theodore, N.D., and Tarn, G., to be published.Google Scholar
4. Becker, Oppolzer, Weitzel, Eichermuller, and Schaber, , J. App. Phys. 56, (4), 1233 (1984).Google Scholar
5. Mandura, M.M., Saraswat, K.C., Helms, C.R., and Kamins, T.I., J. Appl. Phys. 51, (11), 57555763 (1980).CrossRefGoogle Scholar