Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-9q27g Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-17T21:19:06.101Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Building of Yugoslavia: The Yugoslav Idea and the First Common State of The South Slavs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2018

Zdenko Zlatar
Zdenko Zlatar*
Affiliation:
University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Three full brothers were building a city,

Three full brothers, three Mrljavcevices:

The first brother was King Vukasin,

The second was Voivode Ugljesa,

The third was Mrljavcevic Gojko;

They were building Skadar on the Bojana,

They were building for full three years,

For three years with three hundred masons,

But they could not lay the fundament,

Much less raise up the turreted city:

What the masons built by the day

The highland oread destroyed by night.

Upon the dawn of the fourth year,

The oread cried from the mountain:

“Do not torment yourself, King Vukasin,

Torment yourself and waste your treasure;

You cannot, O king, lay the fundament,

Much less raise up the turreted city,

Until you find two kindred names,

Until you find Stoja and Stojan,

One a sister and the other brother,

And wall them up in the fundament,

So that the fundament will be maintained,

So that you will build your turreted city.”

[From a Serbian epic song “The Building of Skadar,” quoted by Ivo Banac, The National Question in Yugoslavia, p. 406.]

Type
Part I: The Rise and Fall of Yugoslavism
Information
Nationalities Papers , Volume 25 , Issue 3: The Disintegration of Yugoslavia: Inevitable or Avoidable? , September 1997 , pp. 387 - 406
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 Association for the Study of Nationalities 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Notes

Due to space considerations only direct quotations, some general works and specialised studies most valuable to further study are listed.Google Scholar

1. Ivo Banac, The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1984), pp. 415–416. Banac's study is the best study, in any language, of the period 1918–1921.Google Scholar

2. Ferdo Šišić, Biskup Štrosmayer i južnoslovenska misao (Belgrade, 1922); id., Jugoslovenska misao. Istorija ideje jugoslovenskog narodnog ujedinjenja i oslobođenja (Belgrade, 1937).Google Scholar

3. Grgur Jakšić and Vojislav Vučković, Spoljna politika Srbije za vlade kneza Mihaila. Prvi balkanski savez (Belgrade, 1963), pp. 356–363, and 494–504; David MacKenzie, Ilija Garasanin: The Balkan Bismarck (Boulder, 1985).Google Scholar

4. Jaroslav Šidak, Mirjana Gross, Igor Karaman, and Dragovan Šepić, Povijest hrvatskog naroda 1860–1914 (Zagreb, 1968).Google Scholar

5. Jaroslav Šidak, Studije iz hrvatske povijesti XIX stoljeca (Zagreb, 1973); id., Studije iz hrvatske povijesti za revolucije 1848–1849 (Zagreb, 1979); id., Kroz pet stoljeca hrvatske povijesti (Zagreb, 1981).Google Scholar

6. Wolfgang Kessler, Politik, Kultur und Gesselschaft in Kroatien und Slawonien in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts: Historiographie und Grundlagen (Munich, 1981); Ferdo Čulinović, Državnopravna historija jugoslavenskih zemalja XIX i XX vijeka (Zagreb, 1954).Google Scholar

7. For the preliminary study of this question see Zdenko Zlatar, “Pan-Slavism in Past and Present Studies,” The Australian Journal of Politics and History, Vol. XXXIV, 1988 [Supplementary Edition], pp. 94–105; and id., “Pan-Slavism: A Review of the Literature,” Canadian Review of Studies in Nationalism, Vol. XVII, Nos. 1–2, 1990, pp. 1–17.Google Scholar

8. Gale Stokes, “The Absence of Nationalism in Serbian Politics Before 1844,” Canadian Review of Studies in Nationalism, Vol. IV, No. 2, 1976, pp. 77–90; Lawrence P. Meriage, “The First Serbian Uprising (1804–1913): National Revival or a Search for Regional Security,” in Canadian Review of Studies in Nationalism, Vol. IV, No. 1, 1977, pp. 187–205.Google Scholar

9. Michael B. Petrovich, A History of Modern Serbia, 1804–1918, I (New York, 1976); Slobodan Jovanović, Ustavobranitelji i njihova vlada (Belgrade, 1933).Google Scholar

10. Marceli Handelsman, “La Question d'Orient et la politique Yougoslave du prince Czartoryski apres 1840,” Sceances et travaux de l'Académie des sciences morales et politiques, Vol. 9 (Paris, 1929), pp. 19–26; id., La politique Yougoslave du prince Czartoryski entre 1801–1848. I. Organisation. in Bulletin international de l'Académie polonaise des sciences et des lettres (Cracow, 1930), 1929, pp. 19–26; id., La politique Yougoslave du prince Czartoryski entre 1801–1848. I. Orqanisation. in Bulletin international de l Académie polonaise des sciences et des lettres (Cracow, 1930); Jerzy Skowronek, Polityka balkanska Hotelu Lambert (1833–1856) (Warsaw, 1976); Vaclav Zacek, “Češko i poljsko učešće u postanku Garasaninova ‘Načertanija’ (1844),” Historijski zbornik, Vol. XVI, 1963, pp. 35–53; Robert A. Berry, “The Hotel Lambert and French Foreign Policy in the Balkans 1840–1848,” in Richard Frucht, ed., Labyrinth of Nationalism, Complexities of Diplomacy: Essays in Honor of Charles and Barbara Jelavich (Columbus, 1992), pp. 249–274; Dragoslav Stranjakovic, “Kako je postalo Garašaninovo ‘Načertanije',” in Spomenik Srpske Kraljevske Akademije, Vol. XCI, 1939, pp. 63–115.Google Scholar

11. Dragoslav Stranjakovic, Vlada Ustavobranitelja. Unutrasnja i spoljasnja politika (Belgrade, 1932).Google Scholar

12. Michael B. Petrovich, A History of Modern Serbia, 1804–1918, I, II (New York, 1976).Google Scholar

13. Slobodan Jovanovic, Druga vlada Milosa i Mihaila (Belgrade, 1922; 2nd edn, Belgrade, 1933); id., Vlada Milana Obrenovica, 2 vols (Belgrade, 1934); id., Vlada Aleksandra Obrenovica, 2 vols (Belgrade, 1934–1936).Google Scholar

14. Wayne S. Vucinich, Serbia Between East and West (Stanford, 1954).Google Scholar

15. Milenko M. Vukičević, Kralj Petar od rodjenja do smrti (Belgrade, 1922).Google Scholar

16. Milan Živanović, Solunski proces (Belgrade, 1955); David Mackenzie, Apis: The Congenial Conspirator (Boulder, 1989).Google Scholar

17. Milan Marjanović, Savremena Hrvatska (Belgrade, 1913).Google Scholar

18. Mirjana Gross, Vladavina Hrvatsko-srpske koalicije 1906–1907 (Belgrade, 1960); Rene Lovrenčić, Geneza politike “novog kursa” (Zagreb, 1972).Google Scholar

19. Milan Marjanovic, Narod koji nastaje: Zasto nastaje i kako se formira jedinstveni srpsko-hrvatski narod (Rijeka, 1913).Google Scholar

20. Mirjana Gross, Povijest pravaske ideologije (Zagreb, 1973).Google Scholar

21. Ivo Sarinic, Ideologija hrvatskog seljackog pokreta (Zagreb, 1935); Ante Bonifačić, “Les idees du mouvement paysan croate: Antoine et Etienne Radić,” Le monde slave, Vol. XV, 1938, pp. #1, 342–369. Rudolf Herceg, Die Ideologie der kroatischen Bauernbewegung (Zagreb, 1923); id., Seljacki pokret u Hrvatskoj (Zagreb, 1923); Ljubica Vukovic-Todorovic, Hrvatski seljacki pokret brace Radića (Belgrade, 1940); Petar Preradovic, Die Kroaten und ihre Bauernbewegung (Vienna, 1940).Google Scholar

22. Jaroslav Sidak, “Idejno sazrijevanje Stjepana Radica,” in J. Sidak, ed., Studije iz hrvatske povijesti XIX stoljeca (Zagreb, 1973), pp. 379–388.Google Scholar

23. Josip Horvat, Politicka povijest Hrvatske (Zagreb, 1936).Google Scholar

24. Martin Polic, Ban Dragutin grof Khuen-Hedervary i njegovo doba (Zagreb, 1901).Google Scholar

25. Alex N. Dragnich, The Development of Parliamentary Government in Serbia (Boulder, 1978).Google Scholar

26. Edward C. Thaden, Russia and the Balkan Alliance of 1912 (University Park, Pennsylvania, 1965).Google Scholar

27. Dragoslav Janković, “Srbija i stvaranje Jugoslavije,” in Politički život Jugoslavije 1914–1945: Zbornik radova (Belgrade, 1973), p. 53.Google Scholar

28. Milorad Ekmečić, “Sudbina jugoslovenske ideje do 1914,” Politicki zivot Jugoslavije 1914–1945: Zbornik radova (Belgrade, 1973), pp. 39–47.Google Scholar

29. Vladimir Dedijer, Sarajevo 1914 (Belgrade, 1966).Google Scholar

30. Alex N. Dragnich, Serbia, Nikola Pašić, and Yugoslavia (New Brunswick, 1974).Google Scholar

31. Đorđe Đ. Stanković, Nikola Pasic i jugoslovensko pitanje (Belgrade, 1985), 2 vols based on his Ph.D. Dissertation.Google Scholar

32. Ibid., pp. I, 210.Google Scholar

33. Ibid., pp. I, 155.Google Scholar

34. Ivo Petrinović, Ante Trumbić (Split, 1991), p. 108, citing Dnevnik J. Jovanovića, 5 October 1918 in Arhiv Jugoslavije (Belgrade) Arhiv Jovana M. Jovanovića; also cited by Dragovan Šepić, Italija, Saveznici i jugoslavensko pitanje 1914–1918 (Zagreb, 1970), p. 358.Google Scholar

35. Đorđe D. Stanković, op. cit., pp. I, 182.Google Scholar

36. Ibid., pp. I, 182.Google Scholar

37. Ibid., pp. I, 206.Google Scholar

38. Milada Paulova, Jugoslavenski odbor (Zagreb, 1925); Ferdo Šišić, Dokumenti o postanku kraljevine SHS (Zagreb, 1920). Ante Mandić, Fragmenti za historiju ujedinjenja (Zagreb, 1956); Nikola Stojanovic, Jugoslavenski odbor (Zagreb, 1927).Google Scholar

39. Ljubo Radić, “Frano Supilo i Jugoslavenski odbor,” in Jugoslavenska njiva, Vols 14 & 15 (Zagreb, 1919); Josip Horvat, Supilo, Zivot jednog hrvatskog političara (Zagreb, 1938).Google Scholar

40. Ivo Petrinović, Ante Trumbić (Split, 1991); Ante Smith-Pavelić, Dr. Ante Trumbić: Problemi hrvatsko-srpskih odnosa (Munich, 1959).Google Scholar

41. Ante Trumbić, Suton Austro-Ugarske i Riječka rezolucija (Zagreb, 1936).Google Scholar

42. Ibid., pp. 48, 79.Google Scholar

43. Dragoslav Janković, Srbija i jugoslovensko pitanje 1914–1915 godine (Belgrade, 1973); id., “Srbija i stvaranje Jugoslavije,” in Politički život Jugoslavije 1914–1945: Zbornik radova (Belgrade, 1973), pp. 49–74.Google Scholar

44. Dragoslav Janković, Jugoslovensko pitanje I krfska deklaracija 1917 (Belgrade, 1967).Google Scholar

45. Vojislav J. Vucković, “Iz odnosa Srbije i Jugoslovenskog odbora,” in Istorijski casopis, Vols XII, XIII (Belgrade, 1963), pp. 345–387; Ivo Petrinović, Ante Trumbić, pp. 118–126.Google Scholar

46. I. Petrinović, op. cit., p. 235, citing “Trumbiceve biljeske of August 29, 1930, conversation with I. Mestrovic”; also cited in Ljubo Boban, “Prilozi za biografiju Ante Trumbica u vrijeme sestojanuarskog rezima (1929–1935),” in Historijski zbornik, Vols XXI-XXII (Zagreb, 1968–1969), p. 10.Google Scholar

47. I. Petrinović, op. cit., p. 124.Google Scholar

48. Ibid., p. 126 citing F. Lukas, “Neke moje uspomene iz zivota Matice hrvatske,” in Hrvatska revija (Buenos Aires, 1955), pp. 2, 134.Google Scholar

49. R. W. Seton-Watson and the Yugoslavs: Correspondence 1906–1941, I: 1906–1918; II: 1918–1941 (London–Zagreb, 1976), henceforth abbreviated as SWC, followed by volume and page number; SWC, Vol. I, p. 307.Google Scholar

50. SWC, Vol. I, pp. 352–353.Google Scholar

51. SWC, Vol. I, p. 353.Google Scholar

52. SWC, Vol. I, pp. 353–354.Google Scholar

53. Bogdan Krizman, Raspad Austro-Ugarske i stvaranje jugoslavenske države (Zagreb, 1977).Google Scholar

54. Dragoslav Janković, “Ženevska konferencija o stvaranju jugoslovenske zajednice 1918. Godine,” in Istorija XX veka, Zbornik radova V (Belgrade, 1964). Important documents are in Dragoslav Jankovic and Bogdan Krizman, eds, Grada o stvaranju jugoslovenske države (1. 1–20. XII 1918), 2 vols (Belgrade, 1964).Google Scholar

55. B. Krizman, Raspad Austro-Ugarske i stvaranje jugoslovenske države, p. 176.Google Scholar

56. SWC, Vol. I, p. 364.Google Scholar

57. SWC, Vol. I, p. 365.Google Scholar

58. B. Krizman, op. cit., p. 182.Google Scholar

59. Quoted by Alex N. Dragnich, The First Yugoslavia: Search for a Viable Political System (Stanford, 1983), p. 10.Google Scholar

60. SWC, Vol. I, p. 366.Google Scholar

61. B. Krizman, op. cit., p. 229.Google Scholar

62. A. N. Dragnich, The First Yugoslavia, p. 7.Google Scholar

63. Dorde D. Stankovic, Nikola Pašić i jugoslovensko pitanje, II, pp. 227–228 citing Arhiv Jugoslavije, “Zbirka Jovana M. Jovanovica 80–44, 633, 661, 665”; A. N. Dragnich, Serbia, Nikola Pasic, and Yugoslavia, p. 139; B. Krizman, Raspad Austro-Ugarske i stvaranje jugoslavenske države, pp. 256–260.Google Scholar

64. Krizman, Raspad Austro-Ugarske …, p. 258; Zapisi dra Josipa Smodlake, pp. 85–87.Google Scholar

65. I. Petrinović, Ante Trumbić, p. 235 citing “Trumbiceve biljeske” of 29 August 1930, Conversation with I. Mestrovic; also in Ljubo Boban, “Prilozi za biografiju Ante Trumbica,” p. 10.Google Scholar

66. Svetozar Pribicevic, Diktatura kralja Aleksandra (Belgrade, 1953).Google Scholar

67. I. Banac, The National Question in Yugoslavia, p. 231.Google Scholar

68. Ibid., pp. 231–232.Google Scholar

69. Ibid., p. 232.Google Scholar

70. Ibid., p. 235.Google Scholar

71. Ibid., p. 235 quoting from Bogdan Krizman, ed., Korespondencija Stjepana Radica, 2 vols (Zagreb, 1972–1973), II, p. 491.Google Scholar

72. Banac, op. cit., p. 397 quoting from Stenografske beleške Ustavotvorne Skupštine Kraljevine Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca, 2 vols (Belgrade, 1921), 28 January 1921, p. 24.Google Scholar

73. Banac, op. cit., p. 397.Google Scholar

74. Ibid., p. 402 quoting from Stenografske beleske, 27 June 1921, pp. 25–26.Google Scholar

75. I. Petrinović, op. cit., p. 165 quoting “Govor Ante Trumbica u Ustavotvornoj skupstini 23. travnja 1921,” in Novo doba, 26 April 1921, p. 12.Google Scholar

76. Banac, op. cit., p. 403.Google Scholar

77. Ibid., p. 404 quoting from “Vidovdanski Ustav,” in Samouprava, 30 June 1921, p. 1.Google Scholar

78. Banac, op. cit., pp. 404–405.Google Scholar

79. Krizman, Raspad Austro-Ugarske, p. 281.Google Scholar